(Drugs used in anaesthesia) 1.1.
(General anaesthetics and oxygen)
1.1.1.
(Intravenous agents)
1.1.2.
(Volatile inhalational agents)
1.1.3. 1.2. 1.3.
(Inhalational gases) (Local anaesthetics) (Preoperative medication and sedation)
1.4.
( Muscle relaxants and cholinesterase
inhibitors) 1.5.
(Analgesics and opioid antagonists)
1.6. (Blood substitutes and solutions for correcting fluid imbalance)
1
ຈ ຈ
. ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
( ຳ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(Longterm Medication) ຈ
ຈ
ຈ 10.2 (
(
)
18.7(
1.1
),
ຈ
(
);
18.1 (
),
18.3.1
).
(General anaesthetics and oxygen)
1.1.1
(Intravenous agents) ຈ ຈຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(Thiopental) ຈ
(Ketamine)
ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(Thiopental sodium) -
(
k
(Thiopental sodium)
(Uses): . (Contraindications): ຈ ຈ
.
(Precautions): ຈ
ຈ ຈ
(
(
2
ຈ
ຈ ,
,
24
24 (Dosage): 2.5% (25 ຈ
60 60
;
4
/ /
)
10-15
;
,
100-150
2-7
ຈ
. ຈ
.
ຈ ຈ ຈ
(Adverse effect):
(Ketamine) -
(
(
.
(Uses): ຈ
.
(Contraindications): (
ຈ ຈ
(Precautions): ຈ
ຈ
( ຈ ຈ
(
(
.
ຈ
ຈ ,
,
24
24 (Dosage): -
,
,
6.5-13
/
ຈ
12-25
. -
,
1
ຈ -
5-10
1
;
(
1-4.5
/
(2
,
microdrip), 10-45
/ 4
/
, .
. (Averse effects):
(
ຈ
24
ຈ
,
ຈ
;
(Volatile inhalational agents) (
3
); ຈ
.
1.1.2
/ 0.5-2
,
ຈ
/
).
, /
,
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(Ether, anaesthetic) ( (Uses): (
ຈ
).
(Contraindications): (Precautions) : ຈ
(
.
ຈ ຈ . (Dosage): -
.
-
-
(
(Adverse effects): .
(Halothane) (Uses): . (Contraindications): (porphyrin). (Precautions): ຈ (
ຈ (
ຈ 3
ຈ ຈ
(
. (Dosags):
4
-
(
-2% (
,
0.5-2%. (Adverse effects: ຈ
ຈ
1.1.3
ຈ
(Inhalational gases) ຈ
ຈ
. ຈ
ຈ (
ຈ
(
( (Identification of cylinders for inhalation gases)
(ISO
( ຈ N2 O
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
O2
ຈ
.
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
.
(Nitrous oxide) (Inhalation gas ) (Uses): ( , ຈ
.
(Contraindications): ຈ . (Precautions): (
.(
1).
(Dosage): -
,
(Averse effects): ຈ
ຈ
(Oxygen)
(Inhalation gas ).
(Uses): .
.
cautery (
(Precautions):
5
: (Dosage): ຈ
ຈ
.
(Adverse effects: ຈ 1.2
.
(Local anaesthetics) (
ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ ຈ (LOCAL INFILTRATION)
(
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(SURFACE ANAESTHESIA) ( 21.3) (REGIONAL BLOCK) ຈ ຈ ຈ
.5%
ຈ (SPINAL ANAESTHESIA) ຈ
(Bupivacaine hydrochloride) ( (
(
(
. (Uses): ຈ
. (Contraindications): ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(Precautions):
6
),
ຈ
(
(
.
(Dosage): -
(
.
-
(
-
-
.
(
-
.
-
-
(
( -
-
(
(
.
.
.
-
-
-
-
ຈ
(
(
.
. -
ຈ
ຈ .
(Adverse effects): ຈ ຈ
,
,
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ .
(Lidocaine hydrochloride) :
-
(
-
(
-
),
( (
)
(
(
.
,
(
(
. (
(
(
(
-
. ,
-
( -4%).
(Uses): ຈ
(
.
(Contraindications): ຈ ຈ
ຈ
.
(Precautions): ຈ
( ຈ
( (
(
(
(
ຈ .
(Dosage):
( Plain Solutions ) -
(
-
(
7
. .
-
-
-
-
-
(
(
(Solutions containing epinephrine )
(-
.
. -
(-
.
(
.
(
.
-
.
-
ຈ
(-
.
( -
.
ຈ
ຈ
. (Adverse effects): ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(Vasoconstrictors) ຈ ຈ ( ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
(Ephedrine hydrochloride) -
: (
), (Uses): . (Precautions): ຈ (
(
(Dosage): (
-
(
-
ຈ
(Adverse effects): ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
8
(
ຈ
.
(
Epinephrine (adrenaline)
(Uses): . (Contraindications): ຈ . (Precautions): ຈ ຈ
.
(Dosage): ( (
.
1.3
(Preoperative medication and sedation) ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
ຈ
. ( ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(Atropine sulfate) (
),
.
(Uses): ຈ (
ຈ
X
(
(
(Contraindications): . (Precautions): ຈ
( . ຈ ຈ
ຈ
.
(Dosage): -
-60 .
9
.
-
ຈ
-
-
ຈ
ຈ
.
ຈ
ຈ
(
.
(Diazepam) ຈ -
( .
,
.
(
),
.
(Uses): ຈຈ ( ( ຈ( (Contraindication): ຈ ຈ
.
: ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(
(
(
(
.
ຈ
,
ຈ ,
24
.
(Dosage): ,
2
,
,
12 , 5-10 ,
12 , 200
/
ຈ ຈ
.
(Adverse effects): ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
.
-
-
(Promethazine hydrochloride)
,
(promethazine hydrochloride) (
Injection, (
),
.
. ),
. 25
(Uses):
(
17.2).
10
2
.
(Contraindications): . (Precautions): ( (
.
ຈ
ຈ ,
24
.
(Dosage): ,
1
,
1
,
25
1
0.5-1
/
,
.
(Adverse effects: (
); ຈ
;
,
;
.
1.4
( Muscle relaxants and cholinesterase inhibitors) ຈ ຈ
ຈຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
. ຈ ຈ ຈຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
ຈ II
II (
( ຈ.
(
-
ຈ
(REVERSAL OF BLOCK).
ຈ
ຈ .
(Muscle relaxants) (Alcuronium chloride) . -
(
),
5
2
(Uses): . (Contraindications):
11
.
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
. (Precautions): (
ຈ ຈ
(
:
.
(Dosage): -250 -
ຈ
ຈ
.
(Adverse effects): ( ຈ
ຈ
.
(Vecuronium bromide) . -
(
. (Use): .
(Contraindications: ) ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
. (Precautions: ) (
ຈ ຈ
( (
. (Dosage): ,
-
-
-
ຈ
-
.
(Averse effects): ( ຈ
ຈ
(Suxamethonium chloride) -
(
-
(
.
),
. ),
.
ຈ (Use): ຈ
12
.
(Contraindication): ຈ ( ຈ ( . (Precaution): ຈ ຈ
ຈ
;
(
ຈ
)
( (
(
1.
(Dosage): -
-
.
-
ຈ
.
(
-
ຈ -
.
(Adverse effect): ຈ
ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ ( (
.
(Cholinesterase inhibitor) (Neostigmine metilsulfate) -
(
,
500
(Use): ( (Contraindication) : . (Precaution): ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
X (
ຈ
(
(Dosage):
13
ຈ (
ຈ
( .
ຈ.
(
-
( ຈ
. (Adverse effect): .
1.5
(Analgesics and opioid antagonists) -
ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
(
ຈ
ຈ
(Opioid analgesics) (Morphine) (
-
(
),
(
) 10
,
1
.
(Uses): ຈ
ຈ
(
(Contraindications): ຈ ( ຈ . (Precautions): ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ (
ຈ
(
(
.
(Dosage): -
150200 50100
/
.
-
4060 .
-
150300
14
;
100200
;
-
ຈ
-
.
Adverse effects: ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ
.
(Opioid antagonists) Naloxone hydrochloride -
(
400
.
(Uses): ຈ (
. (Contraindication): ຈ
.
(Dosage): -
ຈ
100200
,
23 .
-
ຈ . (Advers effect): ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ. 1.6 (Blood substitutes and solutions for correcting fluid imbalance) ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ
( ຈ ຈ
(
(
)
.
15
26.2 (
(non- opioid) (Acetylsalicylic acid) (P (NSAID ຈ 2.3
(Opioid) (Drugs used in Gout)
2.3.1 2.3.2 2.4 DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs)
16
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(
( h Non-opoid analgesics ( ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ NSAID ( ຈ DMARD ( ( NSAID
h
ຈ
(
h
h
(
(non- opioid)
paracetamol.
(Acetylsalicylic acid) acetylsalicylic acid ຈ ຈ
A
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ NSAID
A
(
12.5). ຈ ຈ
A (
R
(
ຈ
Acetylsalicylic acid
-
-
ຈ
. (
[
ຈ
]
[
ຈ
]
(Uses): ຈ
ຈ ( (
ຈ ຈ
.
17
(
(Contraindications): ( NSAID h
(R
—
h
.
(Precaution): (
(
( :
G PD
.
(Dosage): -
ຈ
-
-
-
ຈ
-
ຈ
-
.
(Adverse effects): ( (
ຈ
(
( ຈ
(
h
.
(P Paracetamol ຈ P
ຈ
( ຈ
NSAID R
acetylsalicylic acid NSAID ຈ
ຈ ຈ
Paracetamol -
-
-
ຈ
(
[
ຈ
]. [
ຈ
]. [
ຈ
]. (Uses): ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
18
(
.
(Precautions): (
( :
:
(Dosage): -
2-
-
,
ຈ -
-
ຈ
ຈ
-
-
-
-
-
(
-
-
.
ຈ
0.5-
-
ຈ
-
-
-
-
.
ຈ
( (Adverse effects): ຈ
:
.
(NSAID NSAID
ibuprofen
NSAID ຈ
ຈ
NSAID
ຈ
I
NSAID (
D
ຈ (
ibuprofen).
I
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
I
ຈ
NSAID ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
NSAID
ຈ
Ibuprofen . (Uses): ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
7.1) (Contraindication): ( NSAID
.
(Precaution): (
19
ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
( :
.
(Dosage): -
ຈ
-
-
ຈ -
(
.
-
-
-
. -
ຈ
(
-
-
-
-
-
-
.
(Adverse effects): ຈ (
ຈ
ຈ
(S ຈ
ຈ ຈ
John son
(L
. ຈ M
(Opioid)
h ຈ
O
ຈ
Morphine
ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ .
ຈ C
h ຈ
Codeine phosphate ( , codeine phosphate, 3 (Uses): ຈ
(
(Contraindication): ຈ (Precautions): (
(
(
:
:
. (Dosage): ຈ
ຈ ຈ
.
20
(Adverse effects): ຈ ຈ
ຈ
h
ຈ
.
Morphine salts (
-
h
-
.
, mor h
-
h
h
(
.
h
ຈ
.
(Uses): ຈ
(
ຈ (
.
(Contradications): ຈ (
ຈ
phaeochromocytoma. (Precautions): ( (
h
h
ຈ
(
(
:
:
.
(Dosage): - ຈ
( (
ຈ
ຈ
h .
- ຈ
(
-
ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
ຈ
.
-
( morphine sulfate
h
h
(Adverse effects): ( ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
.
(Drugs used in Gout) ຈ ຈ
NSAID ຈ
( NSAID
S plasmaurate. Colchicine NSAID ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
anticoagulants.
21
ຈ
Colchicine -
h
.
(Uses): allopurinol. (Contraindications): (
.
(Precautions): ຈ
(
(
:
.
(Dosage): -
0.5-
2-
ຈ
ຈ .
-
5 ຈ
-
ຈ
. (Adverse effects): ຈ ຈ .
ຈ
,
xanthine oxidase
allopurinol
ຈ ຈ h
NSAID
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
Allopurinol (Uses): . (Contraindications): ຈ
.
(Precautions): -
(
( :
.
(Dosage): ຈ -
.
22
-
-
colchici
NSAID
(
ຈ . (
ຈ
.
(Adverse effects): ( (S J h
ຈ ຈ ,
h
(
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
. 2.4 DMARDs (disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs) DMARD (
h
DMARD
(chloroquine,
hydroxychloroquine), penicillamine, sulfasalazine, immunosuppressants (azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate)
gold compounds. ຈ
NSAID DMARD DMARD
ຈ
ຈ DMARD
DMARDs
ຈ
( ຈ ຈ
DMARD
ຈ
ຈ DMARD ຈ chloroquine
DMARD ຈ Ch
Sulfasalazine
ຈ
DMARD
ຈ
( Methotrexate
ຈ
DMARD
ຈ
( ຈ
azathioprine
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ Penicillamine
ຈ
(
.
23
DMARD
Corticosteroids (
ຈ ຈ
C
ຈ
ຈ
C DMARD
corticoste ຈ -
ຈ h
ຈ
h
.
Azathioprine A
h
. h
(Uses): h (
(
.
(Contraindications): h
mercaptopurine.
(Precaution): ( (
(
(
(
:
.
ຈ
.
,
,ຈ
,
, ຈ
(Dosage): . (Adverse effects): ຈ
ຈ ຈ .
Chloroquine salts h
h
h
Ch
h
h
h
(Uses): (
(
(Contraindications): .
24
.
h
h
(Precautions): ຈ (
(
2
G PD h
1.
(Dosage): .
.
chloroquine base
ຈ
.
h
ຈ (Adverse effects): ຈ
(
ຈ
thrombocytope
ຈ
ຈ ( ຈ ( ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ (S
J h
ຈ
ຈ
Methotrexate M h h (Uses): h
(
(Contraindications): ( (Precautions): ຈ ( ຈ ຈ
NSAID :
ຈ
.
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(Dasage): -
.
-
( (
.
ຈ
ຈ (Adverse effects):
25
. ຈ
(
Penicillamine P
-
. [
ຈ
[
].
ຈ
].
(Uses): ( (Contraindicatons): y
.
(Precautions): ຈ
( (
chloroqui :
.
ຈ
.
,
,ຈ
,
, ຈ
.
(Uses): -
.
,
-
ຈ
ຈ
15-
-
.
(Adverse effects): ( ( ຈ
ຈ ຈ
(
ຈ ຈ
(
ຈ
C (Goodpast ຈ
(StevensJohnson syn (
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
.
Sulfasalazine -
S
. (
.
(Uses): ( (Contraindications): porphyrin.
26
.
(Precautions): ຈ (
( G PD
:
. ຈ
.
,
,ຈ
,
, ຈ
.
(Dosage): -
.
-
.
(Adverse effects): ຈ H
(
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
( ຈ
ຈ
(S
J h
ຈ (
h
ຈ
( ຈ
ຈ (
ຈ
ຈ .
27
ຈ
(Antiallergics and drugs used in anaphylaxi)
3.1
(Antiallergics and drugs used in anaphylaxi) . ,ຈ ຈ
, :
,
28
(
), :
. ຈ
(
ຈ ຈ ຈ ຈ Ch
h
ຈ ຈ A
(
an
h
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
C
dexamethasone , hydrocortisone
prednisolone
cortico ຈ
cortico
ຈ corticost
ຈ
C . ຈ
corticosteroi
ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ (
h
A infl
nonsteroidal anti
(NSAID ຈ . h (
ຈ
29
( (
ຈ
E
h
( ຈ
ຈ h
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(
. chlorphenamine
\
h
(
h ຈ h
.
salbutamol.
1. E
h
(
h
(
( (
(
. ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ. h
(
(
2. 3.
h
h
(
mask
(
.
(
ຈ
h
(
.
.
4.
ຈ
C
h
5. ຈ
. h
.
Chlorphenamine maleate Ch
-
- Elixir ( -
h
h
.
h h
(
h
[
].
chlorphenam
.
(Uses): ( . (Contraindications): . (Precaution): ( (
:
30
.
.
ຈ
(Dosage):
,
-
(
-
( -
(
-
-
.
-
ຈ ຈ
-
(
ຈ
.
( . (Adverse effect): (
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(
.
Epinephrine (adrenaline) (
h
(
h
h
h
. (Uses): ;
ຈ
(
(Precaution):
ຈ
(Dosage):
ຈ
-
h
ຈ
h
. -
h
ຈ ຈ
(Adverse effects): ຈ
ຈ ຈ
.
Corticosteroids Dexamethasone -
-
h (
[ h
]. h
h
(
(Uses):
31
. (Contraindications): (
ຈ
ຈ
. (Precautions): ຈ
( (
(Dosage): -
(
.
-
. (Adverse effects): cortico .
Hydrocortisone (
h
(
(Uses): ( (
(
.
(Contraindications): . (Precautions): . (Dosage): ( . (Adverse effects): .
Prednisolone P
.
, predniso
.
(Uses): ( (
(
. (Contraindications): ຈ (Precautions):
32
ຈ
.
ຈ
( ( .
(Dosage): (
-
(
-
.
(Adverse effects): .
(Antidotes and other substances used in poisonings)
33
(Anticonvulsants/antiepile ptics) (Control of epilepsy)
34
(Control of epilepsy)
ຈ ຈ ຈ
. ຈ ຈ ຈ
,
ຈ
(T
ຈ
h
ຈ
(Non complian ຈ /
(WITHDRAWAL)
2
ຈ
(status epilepticus).
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
.
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ (PREGNANCY AND BREASTFEEDING) . ຈ
2
,
ຈ
.
.
.
carbamazepine, valproate
phenytoin
. .
ຈ
, ຈ carbamazepine , phenobarbital
, ຈ
ຈ
.
folate
.
phenytoin
phytomenadione (
,
K1)
(
. 3).
(DRIVING) ຈ CNS ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
(Choice of antiepileptic in management of convulsive disorders) GENERALIZED TONICCLONIC COMPLEX PARTIAL SEIZURES phenobarbital, phenytoin
(SIMPLE PARTIAL Carbamazepine,
valproate
mazepine
valproate ຈ ethosuximide ethosuximide
valproate h
35
ຈ
ຈ
tonic clonic seizures 2
ຈ
valproate
. ຈ
SEIZURES)
(TONIC SEIZURES),
ຈ
(ATONIC
ATYPICAL ABSENCE SEIZURES
Phenobarbital atonic seizures
phenytoin ,
tonic seizures
clonazepam
,
valproate
clonazepam
atypical absences seizures.
(MYOCLONIC SEIZURES) Valproate .
,
. ຈ
ຈ
.
. Valproate
clonazepam (intractable cases).
ຈ
clonazepam
Valproate
clonazepam
2
. ຈ
(INFANTILE SPASM) (
(INFANTILE MYOCLONIC EPILEPSY) ຈ
Clonazepam
ຈ (FEBRILE CONVULSIONS) ( ຈ
ຈ
( (
diazepam
(Intermittent prophylaxis)
ຈ
Phenobarbital V
(Status epilepticus) ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ diazepam
clonazepam D
h (
(suppo sitory)
Pheno ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
h
ຈ ຈ
Carbamazepine Carbamazepine, (Uses):
36
Pheno ຈ
(GENERALIZED TONIC
CLONIC
(partial seizures);
(
(
.
(Contraindication): ຈ
ຈ
( ຈ
h
.
(Precautions): (h
(
ຈ(
(
(
(
( ( : ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(
. ,
ຈ ,
. (Dosage): -
(Generalized tonicclonic seizures), 100
2
(partial seizures);
,
,
;
;
,
0.8-1.2
10-20
. -
4
,
;
200
1.6
100 3-4
1-2
,
,
0.8-1.2
ຈ . -
(
-
.
(Adverse effects): ( (
( (
ຈ
(
( ຈ (
ຈ
( S
J h
(
ຈ
(
h
(
(
(h ຈ
h
ຈ
(
(
(
h
(aggressi
h ຈ
(
ຈ ຈ
Clonazepam ຈ ( Clonazepam C
.
37
ຈ
-
C (Uses): h
ຈ (Contraindication): ຈ
ຈ
(myasthenia gravis). (Precautions): ຈ
ຈ
(
(
(
(
( h
:
1. ,
ຈ ,
. (Dosage): (
),
,
,
2-4 )
.
.
0.5-1
1
.
.
4
4-8
500
ຈ
1
5-12
(
ຈ
250
1-5
250
500
1-3
3-6
. (Adverse effects): ຈ
(
),
(lethargy),
(paradoxical aggression),
,
ຈ ຈ
;
;
,
.
Diazepam ຈ ( D - Diazepam,
(
- Diazepam, 4
/
), 5
/
,
(Rectal solution), 2 ,
ຈ
2.5
/
2
/
, [
.
,
1.25
2.5
;
ຈ
].
(Uses) : ; ; (
; ;
1.3);
;
(anxiety disorders) (
24.3)
(Contraindications): ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(
(Precautions): ຈ h
ຈ
ຈ
(h (marked personality disorde
(
( (
38
( ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
h
(
.
( ຈ ,
ຈ ,
(Dosage): -
, ( ຈ
;
5
/
),
3
,
200-300
10-20
,
30-60
/
24
/
(
1
; 1 );
10 500 ຈ
12
-
( 10 ຈ
/
,
250
.
,
.
) ,
/
[
500
/
(
],
10
),
.
-
(
.
-
),
200-300
,
/
(
(
5
/
ຈ
1
1 )
),
10
;
.
-
,
(
5
/
),
10-20
. (Adverse effects): ຈ (
),
;
ຈຈ (amnesia);
,
, ຈ
,
(salivation changes), (dysarthria),
(tremor),
Ethosuximide
ຈ, ຈ ).
Ethosuximide
.
(Capsules) , 250 , 250
. /5
,
(changes in libido),
Ethosuximide Ethosuximide
(vertigo), ,
; thrombophlebitis) (
(depen dence);
.
(Uses): absence seizure. (Contraindicatoins):
39
(pain
, ,
,
ຈ ;
;
(
;
2);
3);
; :
(
ຈ
porphyrin
;
;
1. ຈ
ຈ ,
ຈ ,
(Dosage): Absence seizures, ,
,
250
6
4-7
2
);
1-1.5
6
20
500
250
,
-
(
(
.
ຈ
ຈ -
(Adverse effects): (h
ຈ
(
ຈ h
S
h
J h
( ຈ
ຈ
(
h
(h
(
(
(
h
ຈ
(
h
(
Phenobarbital ຈ ( - Phenobarbital
.
- Elixir ( -
h
.
phenobarbital sodium
(
[
ຈ
]. (Uses): (
.
(Contraindications): h
absence seizures.
(Precautions): ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
(
(
ຈ(
( (
,
40
ຈ ,
(Dosage): -
Generalized tonicclonic seizures, ;
-
8
,
,
-
/ 8
.
( 20-30
1
ຈ
10), .
, 10
/
(
100
/
100 ຈ
510
40
-
60180
. /
, /
,
,
/ /
h
1
(
1
);
10), 5-10
. Phenobarbital so -
ຈ (
-
(Adverse effects): ຈ (
ຈ
ຈ ( S
J h
( (
ຈ
( ຈ
Phenytoin sodium Phenytoin sodium phenytoin sodium phenytoin sodium
ຈ(
.
,
. .
(
5
.
(Dosage): . (Contraindications): h
ຈ
ຈ
(
and third
h
S
Adams (Precautions): (
(
,
( ຈ ( (
,
ຈ
.
ຈ
, ຈ
.
,
,
,
,
. ຈ
)
41
(
ຈ ຈ
ຈ (Dosage): G (
ຈ (
h
(
. -
(
-
.
ຈ ( ຈ (ECG)), ຈ
ຈ ( ຈ (Adverse effects): ຈ
(
( (sl
(
h
(
(cerebellarvest (
(
( (
ຈ h
(h
h
h
h
ຈ (
h
(
( S
systemic
Johnson (erythema multiforme),
h ( ( ຈ
ຈ
ຈ (
-
CNS ( ຈ
ຈ
ຈ (
ຈ
.
Sodium valproate
Gastroresistant (E
.
(Uses): atoni ຈ (Contraindications):
42
(
(
.
ຈ h
.
(Precautions): ( ຈ
( (
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(
(
(
(
h
ຈ
ຈ (
(
h
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
.
(Dosage): Generalized tonicclonic seizur myoclonic seizures,
, -
(
( ( (
-
(Adverse effects): (
ຈ
ຈ ( (
h
-
(
ຈ (
(
ຈ
extrapy ຈ
ຈ
.
ຈ ຈ ຈ
(
ຈ
I
ຈ
F
(
S (
43
J h
(
h
(Anti-infective drugs) ຈ
(Anthelminthics) (Intestinal anthelminthics) ຈ
(Antifilarials) (Trematode infections)
ຈ
(Antibacterials) (Betalactam medicines) (Other antibacterials) ຈ
(Antileprosy drugs)
ຈ
(Antituberculosis drugs)
ຈ
(Antifungal drugs)
ຈ
(Antiprotozoal drugs) A
G
Trichomonas
(Antiamoebic, antigiardial and antitrichomonal drugs) leishmania (Antileishmanial drugs) (Antimalarial drugs) trypanosoma (Antitrypanosomal drugs) ຈ
toxoplasma
(Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis drugs) (Antiviral drugs) (Herpes and cytomegalovirus infections) (Antiretroviral drugs) (Insect repellents)
44
ຈ
(Anthelminthics) (Intestinal anthelminthics) (Cestode infections) (
(
ຈ
(h
(
(
(diphyllob h
(
h
(
(C
h
ຈ
(
(Neurocysticercosis) ຈ (
Echinococcus granulosus (oncosphe
E. multilocularis
ຈ
(Taenia solium).
h
ຈ
(cystic echinococ (
(
alveolar
echinococcosis). diphyllobothrium (DIPHYLLOBO THRIASIS).
ຈ
(
h
h
H
(
ຈ echinococcus (ECHINOCOCCOSIS) ( (
(
(Echinococcus granulosus)
ຈ ຈ
mebendazole
E. multilocularis
ຈ
h
albendazole
ຈ
albend ( (HYMENOLEPIASIS) (HYMENOLEPIASIS ຈ
ຈ
(TAENIASIS) P ຈ (
(
T. solium
(
(antiinflammato
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ
(
praziquante A
ຈ
( C
45
ຈ
T. solium
( (cysticercosis).
(Albendazole) albendazole 400 mg (Uses):
Echinococcus multilocularis
E. granulosus
( N
(
(filariasis)
( (Contraindications): (
.
(Precautions): ຈ
(
ຈ .
D
h
A
P
ຈ
A
ຈ
. .
(Dosage): -
(Cystic echinococcosis),
, (tabletfree
days); (
ຈ
(
ຈ
.
-
(alveolar echinococcosis), (
, h
ຈ -
(neurocysticercosis),
,
( (Adverse effects): ຈ
( ຈ
(
ຈ -ຈ
(
(cerebral disease)
(Mebendazole) (M
h
h
ຈ
benzimidazole car
-
mebendazole 100 mg, 500 mg. (Uses):
Echinococcus granulosus (N
(Contraindications):
46
E. multilocularis (
(
.
(Precautions): ຈ
( :
-C
( ຈ
.
- Ph
( ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
.
(Dosage): (Cystic (alveolar echinococcosis),
h
,
( ຈ
(between meals)
(Adverse effects): , ຈ ຈ
;
,
,
;
ຈ
,
.
(Niclosamide) niclosamide 500 mg. (Uses):
( (
ຈ
, Hymenolepis nana (
Tae
(
ຈ
,T
, and Diphyllobothrium latum
(Precautions): ( h ຈ
ຈ
(ຈ ຈ
(
Taenia Solium ຈ
(Dosage):
Taenia solium ,
-
,
ຈ
ຈ g.
-
T. saginata
Diphyllobothrium latum
T. solium
infections,
ຈ .
Hymenolepis nana,
-
( ,
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
.
(
(Adverse effects): ຈ
ຈ
.
47
(Praziquantel) praziquantel 150 mg, 600 mg. (Uses):
nana)
(T
Diphyllobothrium latum
( T. s (N
(Contraindications):
(
(Taenia solium)
(
(Hymenolepis .
(ocular cysticercosis).
(Precautions): (
(
T
S
(ຈ
ຈ
:
-A
ຈ
.
-C
.
- Chloroquine -D
ຈ
.
h
.
- Ph
. ຈ
ຈ
(Dosage): -
(Taenia saginata)
4
510 mg/kg
,
ຈ ,
(T. solium),
,
.
(Hymenolepis nana),
.
,
(Diphyllobothrium latum),
-
4 , 1525 mg/kg
,
4 , 1025 mg/kg
. -
(Cysticercosis), 3
14
23
,
4 , 50 mg/kg
prednisolone ( .
-
(Dermal cysticercosis), , 60 mg/kg
3
6
corticosteroid
)
,
4
.
(Adverse effects): ,
,
ຈ
,
,
,
eosinophilis
( ,ຈ
ຈ
(urticaria),
ຈ ,
,
, drowsiness;
(pruritus), );
,
(intracranial hypertension) (
; ຈ
(seizures), ຈ
).
(Intestinal nematode infections) ( (
(
(h
(
(
h
(trichuriasis). (ASCARIASIS): (
ຈ
ຈ
Ascaris lumbricoides (
levamisole
48
pyrantel
ຈ albendazole
mebendazole (CAPILLARIASIS): (C
pinensis
Capillaria philip
ຈ
mebendazole
albendazole
(ENTEROBIASIS): (Ente
Enterobius vermicularis (
thread ຈ
mebendazole , albendazole
pyrantel
ຈ
ຈ
P (HOOKWORM INFECTIONS): (H
duodenale (
Ancylostoma
ຈ
Necator americanus (
ຈ ຈ
ຈ mebendazole
albenda zole
albendazole
mebendazole
(
meben ຈ (
Levamisole
(hookworm)
Necator americanus
(Ascaris)
pyrantel ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
( g/100 ml (haemoglobin concentration).
(STRONGYLOIDIASIS)
Strongyloides stercoralis
(S
ຈ
ຈ
Ivermectin ຈ
Mebendazole
Albendazole ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ strongyloidia (TRICHOSTRONGYLIASIS):
ຈ
Trichostrongylus
Pyrantel (
(T
h
albendazole (
(trichuriasis) (TRICHURIASIS)
49
(t
h
h
Trichuris trichiura .
ຈ (
(T
h
ຈ
ຈ
(
albendazole (
mebenda zole (
ຈ
(Albendazole) albendazole 400 mg (Uses): (
(h
( (
(
h
(
(
h
(
(
6.1.
ຈ
(
(
(
(Precautions): ( : -D
h
A
-P
ຈ
A
ຈ
. .
(Dosage): -
(
(h
(
strongyloidia (trichostrongyliasis),
,
. -
(trichuriasis),
,
(
(
m
(
ຈ
( -
. (strongyloidiasis),
,
. -
(capillariasis),
,
. (Adverse effects): ຈ (
(Levamisole) (
(
hydrochloride) 40 mg, 50 mg, 150 mg.
(Uses): (
(h (
(
(
.
Uses: .
50
(hook
(Precuations): ຈ -A
h
(
:
ຈ
D
- Phenyto
.
Ph
ຈ
-W
.
. (Dosage): (
(h (
(hook worm),
, ຈ
ຈ (Adverse effects): ຈ
ຈ
(Mebendazole) Mebendazole
-
h
h
ຈ
benzimida
mebendazole 100 mg, 500 mg (Uses): (
(h
(
(
(
(ces
h
(
ຈ
6.1.1.3) (Precautions): ( : -C
( ຈ
- Ph
).
mebenda ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
.
(Dosage): -
, .
-
(H
(trichuriasis), ຈ
(
,
ຈ ,
. -
(enterobiasis),
,
ຈ
ຈ .
-
(capillariasis),
,
, ຈ
(Adverse effects): ຈ ຈ
(
51
(
(Pyrantel)
-
(
(
(
(Uses):
embonate) 250 mg. (
embonate) 50 mg/ml. (
(h
(
( ຈ
(
h
.
(Precautions): (ຈ
.
(Dosage): -
(
gyliasis),
strongyloidia (trichostron
,
.
-
(hookworm),
,
. -
(enterobiasis),
,
. (Adverse effects): ຈ . ຈ
(Tissue nematode infections) ຈ
angiostrongylus (angios (cutaneous larva migrans), dracunculus (dracun
(
h
h
(visceral larva
migrans). angiostrongylus (ANGIOSTRONGYLIASIS) (A
ຈ
(larvae of the rat lungworm), Parastrongylus cantonensis (Angiostron gylus
cantonensis
ຈ
ຈ
Anisakus (ANISAKIASIS) A ຈ
ຈ
(A
ຈ
Anisakis, Contracaecum
Pseudoterranova
Anisakis(
ຈ ຈ
C (CUTANEOUS LARVA MIGRANS) ( Albendazole (
ຈ
Ancylostoma braziliense
A. caninum
Dracunculus (DRACUNCULIASIS) Dracunculus (DRACUNCULIASIS) ( worm)
ຈ
Dracunculus medinensis,
52
dracontiasis, guinea ຈ
/
ຈ
. M
(
(
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(TRICHINELLOSIS) (Trichinellosis
trichinosis)
Trichinella spiralis .
ຈ .
albendazole (
ຈ
mebendazole (
6.1.1) (400 mg
3
),
pyrantel (
. Prednisolone (4060 mg ຈ
6.1.1) (200 mg
5
6.1.1) (10 mg/kg
)
), 5
ຈ
.
(VISCERAL LARVA MIGRANS) ຈ
(V
Toxocara canis
ຈ
T. cati ( .
diethylcarbamazine ( ຈ
ຈ ຈ
( ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(Antifilarials) Loa Loa (Loiasis)
Loa Loa (filarial nematode Loa loa
Chrysops . Diethylcarbamazine
ຈ
(
m
(menin goence h ຈ diethylcar bam ຈ ຈ
(
ຈ
h
ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ (antihis
(Diethylcarbamazine citrate) (D
-
h
. diethylcarbamazine citrate 50 mg, 100 mg.
53
)
(Uses): (loiasis); ຈ
(
;
6.1.1.3);
(lympha tic filariasis) (
6.1.2.2). (Contraindications): (ຈ
ຈ
(
(
( (Precautions): (ຈ di h (
A ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
). (Dosage): (Loiasis),
,
ຈ , .
ຈ .ຈ
(Adverse effects): ຈ
(
(immunological reactions), ຈ
ຈ
(asthma in
asthmatics) (
Mazzotti
ຈ
(microfil
(microen
h
( (reversible
proteinuria) (Lymphatic filariasis) (L
h
bancrofti (bancroftian filariasis), Brugia malayi or B. timori (brugian filariasis). (O
(
ຈ
h
diethylcarbamazine
Wuchereria bancrofti Brugia malayi B. timori ຈ
albendazole diethylcarbamazine (
ivermectin (
ຈ diethylca
B. malayi
54
W. bancrofti
Wuchereria
W. bancrofti
(D
h (D
h
. .
diethylcarbamazine citrate 50 mg, 100 mg (Uses): (loiasis) (
ຈ
(
(Contraindications): (ຈ
ຈ
(Precautions): (ຈ
A
h
ຈ
ຈ
—ຈ
ຈ
(Dosage): -
(bancroftian),
-
,
(brugian),
,
-
. -
(Occult filariasis),
ຈ
,
ຈ ຈ (Adverse effects): ຈ
(
(immunological reactions), ຈ
ຈ (
h
h
(
Mazzotti
ຈ
(microfilariae
(
(
ຈ(transient lymphangitis and exacerbation of lymphoedema). (Onchocerciasis)
Onchocerca volvulus
Ivermectin
O
h
ຈຈ
(O
h
( (Onchocer
ຈ diethylcarbamaz ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
55
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
iverme
ຈ ຈ ຈ
Die h
h
ຈ
(M
ຈ
(Suramin)
(
ຈ
(Onchocerca volvulus).
(
( ຈ
ຈ
(Ivermectin) (ivermectin) 3 mg, 6 mg (Uses): ຈຈ
(onchocerciasis);
(filariasis) (
6.1.2.2). (Contraindications): (ຈ
ຈ
.
(Precautions): (ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
.
(Dosage): ຈຈ
(microfilariae),
,
(
ຈ ຈ (Adverse effects): M (
ຈ
ຈ
(microfilariae)
ຈ
( (
h
ຈ
h
h .
(Suramin sodium)
-
. (
(
1g
(Uses): ( (
(
.
(Contraindication):
56
h
trypan osoma
(
(
ຈ
( (Precautions): ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
(
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
. (Dosage): (onchocerciasis), (
(
,
ຈ
(
(
.
ຈ
)
;ຈ
1
(few microlitres); 1
0.5 ml
30
;
(Adverse effects): ,ຈ
, -ຈ
;
(
)
; ;
,
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
;
(paraesthesia)
(hyperaesthesia of palms and soles); ;
,
, ຈ
,
,
(retina)
ຈ
(microfilariae). (Trematode infections) (Schistosomiasis) (Schistosomiasis), (
ຈ
,
) (blood flukes).
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ (S. mekongi),
ຈ
.
(Schistosoma mansoni)
(S. intercalatum) .
(Urinary schistosomiasis) ຈ
(S. japonicum) , (S. haema tobium).
.
(Praziquantel)
, .
ຈ
ຈ ຈ oxamniquine
S. mansoni.
57
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(Oxamniquine) (O
-
.
oxamniquine 250 mg.
-
oxamniquine 250 mg/5 ml. (Uses): (
mansoni) (
h
(Schisto- soma
ຈ .
(Precautions): (epilepsy) (
ຈ
. , (Dosage):
-
ຈ ),
,
15 mg/kg
;
. -
ຈ ),
,
30 mg/kg
-
ຈ 60 mg/kg
ຈ ,
(Schistosoma mansoni) (
,
30 kg,
(Schistosoma mansoni) ( 2
(Schistosoma mansoni) ( 23
(
,
20 mg/kg
2 ,
. ),
20 mg/kg)
(Adverses): ,ຈ
; ຈ
,
,
,
,
,
ຈ;
; ;
;
,
,
(eosinophilia), scattered pulmonary infiltrates (Loeffler syndrome)—
3
ຈ
. (Praziquantel) (praziquantel) 600 mg (Uses): ; (
(urinary schistosomiasis);
6.1.1.1);
(fluke infections) (
6.1.3.2).
(Contraindicationas): (
(
.
(Precautions): ( cysticercosis
( ຈ
.
.
ຈ
,
ຈ ,
.
(Dosage): (Schistosomiasis ), ;
3
,
4-6
4 20 mg/kg
58
, 40-60 mg/kg .
(Adverse effects): ,
,
,
, ຈ
,
,
,
,
;
eosinophilia (
ຈ
).
(Fluke infections)
heterophyes, Echinostoma spp
Opisthorchis viverrini , O. felineus
Fasciolopsis buski , Metagonimus yokogawai , Heterophyes Gastrodiscoides hominis Clonorchis sinensis, Fasciola hepatica .
Opisthorchis
C. sinensis
cholangiocarcinoma (
genus Paragonimus .
ຈ Praziquantel (P
ຈ
(
Fasciola
Paragonimus.
ຈ Triclabendazole
h
Fasciola
Paragonimus.
(Praziquantel) , praziquantel 600 mg (Uses): , schistosomiasis (
;
(
6.1.1.1);
6.1.3.1).
(Contraindication): (
(
.
(Precautoins):
Paragonimus
ຈ
(
ຈ
A
ຈ
ຈ
(ຈ cysticercosis
.
ຈ
ຈ
,
ຈ ,
(Dosage): -
(Intestinal fluke infections),
,
4
, 25 mg/kg
, 25 mg/kg 3
2
. -
, ;
,
40 mg/kg
4 ;
ຈ
(paragonimiasis). (Adverse effects): ,
,
,
, ຈ .
59
,
,
,
;
,
(Triclabendazole) (Triclabendazole) 250 mg.
(Uses): (paragonimiasis). (Precautions):
(Paragonimus)
ຈ
ຈ (
ຈ
(
.
(Dosage): -
Fascioliasis,
-
,
.
Paragonimiasis,
,
. (Adverse effects): (
ຈ
ຈ
.
(Beta-lactam medicines) (Beta-lactam)
(cefalosporins)
ຈ
(penicillins),
(carbapenems)
;
,
(peptidoglycan),
(muco peptide)
ຈ
(cell Walls)
(Benzylpenicillin)
.
(phenoxymethyl penicillin) ,
(spirochaetes),
ຈ
ຈ
(penicillinase)
lactamases).
ຈ (actinomycetes),
ຈ
(beta-
(Benzathine benzyl penicillin)
benzylpenicillin)
,
ຈ
.
(procaine
benzylpenicillin
ຈ
(penicillins)
(penicillinases)
6
(6 amino peni cillanic acid).
(Cloxacillin)
6
(iso xazoyl penicillin)
(staphylococcal penicillinase) ຈ
.
(ampicillin) ຈ
,
ຈ
(
(B
h
(clavulanic acid)
( ຈ
(Cefalosporins) ,
ຈ
ຈ ,
1
2
ຈ ,
ຈ
,
ຈ
3
ຈ
1,
(Enterobacteriaceae)
aeruginosa ). ຈ
(Streptomyces cattleya)
(C ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
60
(Pseudo monas
ຈ
(E
h
h
ຈ ຈ (HYPERSENSITIVITY
ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ (B
(phenoxymethylpenicillin)
(Benzylpenicillin) ຈ
(bacterial betalactamases).
ຈ
( (an h
(
(
,
L
ຈ
(P ຈ
(meningoco
(gonococci)
ຈ
( (B
ຈ
ຈ (B
h
(procaine benzylpenicillin) ຈ
(
h
yaws. (Phenoxymethylpenicillin) (
(Benzylpenicillin) ( (5
),
600mg
) (Uses):
61
(1
), 3g
L (
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
(meningococcal di
(
ຈ
(
(
(
ຈ
(
h
(
(
(
h
ຈ
(
(osteomyelitis). (Contraindications): (
ຈ
(
(Precautions):
(
P -
ຈ
G ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ M h
ຈ
M h
(
.
(Dosage): -
ຈ
ຈ
,
24 (
(Neonate) 1
( endocarditis),
-
ຈ
ຈ
(Bacterial
,
(premature, infant and neonate) (infant) . -
ຈ
(
g;
mg;
-
mg.
(Neurosyphilis),
-
,
.
(Congenital syphilis),
,
-
(ຈ . (Adverse effects): ຈ (
( ຈ
h
(serum sicknesslike
(h
(
h
(
(
(
(th
( (
(
ຈ (
(
h
h
(
( (
(J (
h
hH ( h
62
h h
ຈ
(endotoxins); ( h
(
thrombophlebitis).
(Benzathine benzylpenicillin) (
), benzathine benzylpenicillin, 1.8g
benzylpenicillin 1.44 g, 2.4
(
).
(Uses):
(
h
(diphtheria carrier st
ຈ
(
(
(rheumatic fever prophylaxis). (Contraindications): penicillin hypersensitivity ( (neurosyphilis). (Precautions): ( -
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ Methot
(
ຈ
M h
. (Dosage):
-
ຈ
(rheumatic fever), ,
K .
-
,
Kg
,
-
-
syphilis,
,
. -
h
, .
-
(C
(Cerebro
S
h
h
(
F
,
. -
ຈ
Yaws, pinta, and bejel, 450 mg
,
.
(Adverse effects): ຈ (angioe ຈ
(
(h
(
h
(
(h ( (J
hH
h
63
(
(
.
ຈ (
ຈ
ຈ
.
(Procaine benzylpenicillin) (
),
(3
1g
(1
), 3g
). (Uses): ( (
h
(
hh
h
ຈ ຈ
( h h (
.
(
(Precautions): (
ຈ
-
ຈ ຈ
M h
M h
(
(Dosage): -
ຈ
ຈ
-
, ,
-
.
.
Syphilis,
,
1.2
ຈ
. -
(Congenital syphilis),
,
.
(Adverse effects): ຈ (angioede ຈ
(serum sicknesslike
(h
(
h
(
( (h
( (J
hH
h
(
ຈ (
ຈ
ຈ (Phenoxymethylpenicillin)
,
(phenoxymethylpenicillin) (
) 250 mg.
),
(
phenoxymethylpenicillin (
) 250 mg/5 ml.
(Uses): ( ( h
(
h
(postsplenectomy)
(Contraindication): ຈ
(
(
64
.
(Precautions): (
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ M h (
ຈ
Methotre
. (Dosage):
-
ຈ
ຈ
, .
-
ຈ
, .
ຈ (Adverse effects): ຈ (
h
ຈ
(angio
.
ຈ
.
, .
ຈ
(penicillinases)
(Staphylococcus aureus)
(Escherichia coli) ; ,
ຈ ,
. ຈ
ຈ
. 1g
,
ຈ
6
710
;
. ,
(penicillinases).
,
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
.
ຈ . (
h
ຈ ຈ ຈ
( cellulites),
.
ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(Amoxicillin)
,
250 mg, 500 mg.
( :
),
125 mg/5 ml.
(Uses): ຈ (
( (
L
(bronchitis) (
h
ຈ(
65
h
(post
(
( (
splen
h
Helicobacter pylori
h
.
(Contraindications): ຈ
(
.
(Precautions): ( ຈ
(
(
h
( h
h h
(HIV ຈ
ຈ -A
ຈ
-C
O ຈ
(
Estrogen.
-M h
ຈ
M h
(
.
-W
ຈ INR
A
(Dosage): -
ຈ
ຈ
(
, .
-
ຈ ,
(Severe or recurrent purulent respiratorytract infections), .
by mouth ,
-
,
-
(
-
.
,
ຈ
(U
(
.
,
ຈ
-
. -
(Chlamydia),
-
(G
,
h
.
(
,
(
(probenecid) 1 g). -
O
(
,
(Adverse effects): ( ຈ
); (
( h
(serum sick (h
(
( (
(
(h ຈ
(Amoxicillin with clavulanic acid)
66
ຈ h
,
-
(
Trihydrate)
(
(
500 mg
(
),
(
) 125 mg
),
(
) 250 mg
) 125 mg.
) 31 mg .
-
(
(
) 62 mg. (
),
100 mg
(
200 mg
) 0.5 g
1g
(
)
.
(Use): ຈ
ຈ
(
(
ຈ( (
ຈ
(cellulites)
. (Contraindication): ຈ
(
ຈ
. (Precautions): (
ຈ (
( h
h
h
h
ຈ
HIV ຈ
ຈ ຈ
-A
ຈ
-C
. O
ຈ
(
Estrogen.
-M h
ຈ
M h
(
.
-W
ຈ INR
A
.
(Dosage): -
ຈ
ຈ
, .
-
,
-
ຈ
.
-
ຈ
,
ຈ . -
,
( .
(Adverse effects): ( ຈ
ຈ
67
h
(
ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
(h
( (
h
(
-
(neutro
(h
ຈ
ຈ
( (
h
(
S
J h
( (
( h
(
h
(phlebitis at injection site).
(Ampicillin) (
(
500mg , 1g.
(Uses): -
(
(
ຈ
(
(
(
( h
(osteomyelitis). (Contraindication): ຈ
(
.
(Precautions): ( ຈ
(erythematous rashes) (gland
( ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
h
h
(cytomegalovir ຈ
ຈ - Allopurinol ຈ -C
. O
ຈ
(
Estrogen:
-M h
ຈ
M h
(
.
-W
ຈ INR
Amoxicillin
.
(Dosage): -
ຈ
ຈ
,
,
. -
,
(
. -
(L
(
,
m ( (Adverse effects): ( ຈ
h
(
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ (
ຈ
(h
(
68
h
(
(
-
(
(h (Cloxacillin) .
(dicloxacillin)
(as alternatives).
-
(
-
mg
(
(
(
mg/5 ml
( (Uses): ຈ
(
ຈ
(
( (
ຈ
(
(osteomyelitis). (Contraindications): ຈ
(
.
(Precautions): (
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ Metho
ຈ
M h
(
.
(Dosage): ຈ
,
. (Adverse effects): ຈ (
h
sickness
(serum ຈ
(
h
(h
(
(
(h (
-
ຈ
ຈ (C
h
Cepharosporins (S (P
h Penic
C
(
h
Cefotaxime (
(BNF 2005).
69
ຈ h
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
Cepharosporins
P
ຈ
ຈ
cepha- rosp
(Ceftazidime)
(BNF 2005).
(ceftriaxone) (septicaemia),
(pn
(m
ຈ
Streptococcus pneumoniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa ຈ (O
A
C
C
h
ຈ
C
BNF
ຈ
C
C
h
C
Cefprozil ຈ ຈ
Cefixime
Cepharosporins
(Ceftazidime) (C
-
(
(
P
h
.
(Uses): ຈ ຈ
Pseudomonas
ຈ
ຈ
aminoglycosides
(Contraindications): ຈ
(
porphyria.
(Precautions): ຈ
(
ຈ
ຈ (
(
C
false
‖
-C
ຈ
-F
ຈE
C
.
.
-W
. (Dosage):
-
(susceptible organisms), ,
(
( (
ຈ (
-
P
.
cystic fibrosis,
, . -
, (
70
.
(Adverse effects): ຈ
ຈ
(antibiotic (
h
( (
h
(
h
( ( h h
eosinophil
(h
(a
(
(
ຈ
(
(h
ຈ
(
h
(
ຈ
(
(
(h
(dizziness). C (C . (C (
( (Uses):
-
ຈ (
h
(gonorrhoea). (Contraindications): ( jaund
h
(neonates with
(h
( acidosis or impaired
bilirubin binding). (Precautions): (
2g
ຈ
(
ຈ (
ຈ
h
(or
concomitant total parenteral nutrition)
(
ຈ
( C
-C
O ຈ
( ‖
(
(
Estrogen.
-F
C
.
-W (Dosage): -
(
-
(susceptible organisms), , ຈ
71
(
(
(
.
-
(
h
,
.
( ( -
. (C
(
(anaerobes), (
. ( (Adverse effects): ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(
(
(
h
(
(fever and
h
(
h
( h
(
h
h h
ຈ
(
(
(
(co
(h
(
( ຈ
h (C
-
ຈ
(pancreatitis).
BNF
(Cefalexin)
-
(
ຈ
Cefalexin 250mg, 500mg. Cefalexin 250mg, 500mg. C
125mg/5ml, 250mg/5ml.
(Uses): ຈ
(
.
(Contraindications): ຈ
Cepharosporins.
(Precautions): ຈ
B
L
(ຈ -
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ (
(False p
(
False positive Coombs Test; -A
C
- Anticoag
C
-O
C
ຈ
.
h
Coumarins.
ຈ
(
O .
-P
C
h
ຈ
(
.
72
-U
H
D
C
( ຈ
ຈ
Histamine H2 antagonists.
(Dosage): -
-
-
-
ຈ (Adverse effects): ຈ ຈ E
h
(Th
(E
h
(
ຈ
(
(
ຈ
h
granu
(
ຈ
(h
(hypera (
.
(Other antibacterials) (Chloramphenicol) (Chloramphenicol) ຈ
Haemophilus influenzae
ຈ
(
h
( ຈ
(Chloramphenicol)
-
, 250 mg.
-
(
Palmitate) 150 mg/5 ml.
(
(
S
(
.
(
Sodium) 500 mg/ml, 2ml ampoule.
(Uses):
Haemophilus
ຈ
influenzae
( (
(
(
ຈ
L (
ຈ (
(
( Wh
( ຈ
(
(empirical treatment of meningitis). (Contraindications):
73
ຈ
Grey S
porphirin
(porphyria). (Precautions): ຈ
ຈ chlorampheni
ຈ ຈ (h
ຈ
(
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
G
S
-C
ຈ
-G
ຈ
- Ph
ຈ
Glibenclamide. h
- Ph
h
Pheny
-R
.
ຈ
(
ຈ h
(
h
-W
chlorampheni col) .
(
chloramphenicol
(antigoagulant). (Dosage):
-
ຈ
(susceptible orga nisms) ( , h
h
(
(ຈ . -
meningococ, ຈ
(
ຈ ຈ
.
( ( ຈ
( .
(Adverse effects): (bone marrow depression) (
ຈ
ຈ
h (
( (
h
h (
ຈ (
(h
h
ຈ ຈ
(
ຈ .
74
Quinolones (Ciprofloxacin)
ຈ
salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, neisse ria, Bacillus anthracis and (Ch
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(Cip (pelvic inflammatory disease). Nalidixic acid
quinolone h (O (G
ຈ h
(non gono
h
(C
(
ຈ
BNF 2005)
(Ciprofloxacin) quinolone. .
-
(
hydrochloride) 100 mg, 250 mg
(Uses): (gastroenteritis)
h
( ( h
h
h
h
campylo
gono h
‖
( ຈ
(in cystic fibrosis), (
(
(
h
.
(Contraindications): ຈ
quinolone.
(Precautions): (
h
G PD
h
-
ຈ
(
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ (
ຈ
(ຈ
ຈ
-ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
ຈ -A
(
-A
h
h
h
L
ຈ
.
ຈ
h
Ciprofloxacin . -C
ຈ
.
-F
ຈ
-G
ຈ
-I -M
.
ຈ h
. ຈ. ຈ
M
75
h
(ຈ
- Ph - Th
phenytoin h
h
ຈ
ciprofloxacin.
h
ຈ.
-W
.
:
(Ciprofloxacin)
(arthropathy)
(weightbearing joints of immature animals)
ຈ
.
, ຈ
Ciprofloxacin
pseudomonas
(
.
cystic fibrosis
5 ),
(anthrax). ຈ
(Dosage): -
ຈ
,
-
,
-
(G
h
( h
(cholera), -
. ( h
. pseud
(in cystic fibrosis),
(
,
(
-
.
,
.
-
meningococ,
,
.
(Adverse effects): ( d
ຈ
(
h
(h
(
(S
ຈ J h
pruritus; vasculitis, erythema nodosum, p
h
h
h
( (
( (hal
(
ຈ (
(
(photo (
h
( ຈ
( ຳ ຈ
(
(h
( ຈ
ຈ (
hepatitis and chole ( (
ຈ
h
h
( (
eosinophilia,
h
(
(O
ຈ
(
leukopenia, thrombo
ຈ
BNF
(Ofloxacin) Tarivid (Aventis Pharma)
-
h
Ofloxacin 200mg
76
cortico
ຈ
h ຈ
-
O
(
hydrochloride) 2mg/ml
(Uses): ຈ ຈ
( (
h
h
G
( (Contraindications): (Precautions): ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
Q
ຈ - Analgesic
ຈ
NSAIDS (N
ຈ
S
ຈ
A O
M
C
h
(
-A
O
O
ຈ
Antacid.
ຈ
O
C
O
ຈ
D O
ຈ
.
. O
-Z
O .
Cip
- Ulcer He
I
O
-A -I
Q
D
A
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
.
.
(Dosage): -
-
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(
h
(
h
G (
-
.
(
200mg)
(com
ຈ ຈ Adverse effects): ຈຈ Parkins
(
ຈ (ຈ
ຈ
Tetracyclines (Doxycycline) ຈ disease).
chlamydia, rickettsia,
h
ຈ
h
Borrelia burgdorferi (Lyme h
ຈ (dental h
77
(Doxycycline) (Doxycycline) : (
hydrochloride) 100 mg
(Uses): -
ຈ
( h
(Ch
ຈ
ຈ
h ຈ
(prostatitis). -
ຈ
Chlamydia tracho
(lympho
granuloma venereum
(
L
(
(
h
(
h
ຈ
T
h
h (
R
(
Q
(
(
(
h
ຈ
.
(Contraindications): ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(
h
(
h
(systemic lupus erythematosus). (Precautions): ຈ
ຈ
-
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
( - Antacid (aluminium hydroxi -C
h
ຈ
ຈ
.
.
-C
ຈ
.
-C
ຈ
-E
ຈ estrogen.
Ergot (ergotism).
-F
ຈ
ຈ
doxycycline. - Ph
ຈ
D
- Ph
D
-R
(
.
(
.
D
ຈ
-W
.
. (Dosage):
-
ຈ
,
ຈ .
-
(Syphilis),
(
h
. urethritis),
Ch
gonococ (nongonococ cal (
(pelvic inflam matory
disease). -
(Louse and tickborne relapsing fevers),
78
.
-
(Cholera), .
ຈ
/ .
\
.
(Adverse effects): ;
,
; ຈ
(erythema) (ຈ
;
);
(hepatotoxicity),
(pancreatitis),
; ,
;
(occasional dental hypoplasia) 6.2.2.4
ຈ
(Macrolides) (Erythromycin)
ຈ
;
penicillin
ຈ ຈ,
penicillin.
(whooping cough),
legionnaire ‖
(campylobacter enteritis). (Azithromycin) (
ຈ
Chlamydia trachomatis (
azithromycin
tissue
) plasma; azithromycin
).
erythromycin
(genital chlamydia and trachoma) .
Azithromycin
ຈ
(macrolide)
(gonorrhoea)
ຈ
ຈ .
(Erythromycin) (Erythromycin)
.
. :
(Erythromycin)
: :
-
,
(erythromycin) (
stearate) 250 mg;
(erythromycin) (
ethyl
succinate) 500 mg.
-
,
-
(erythromycin) 250 mg. ,
-
,
(erythromycin) (
-
(Infusion) (
(erythromycin) 250 mg. (erythromycin) (
stearate) 125 mg/5 ml;
ethyl succinate) 125 mg/5 ml ),
(erythromycin) (
lactobionate) 500mg
. (Uses): -
penicillin
ຈ
;
‖
(Chlamydia);
;
gonococ (nongonococcal urethritis);
(prostatitis);
(lymphogranu loma venereum);
(campylobacter enteritis);
(relapsing fever);
(Contraindications): erythromycin
(chancroid);
macrolides
;
(Precautions):
79
porphirin
porphyria.
ຈ
1.5g
;
:
QT interval
(
ຈ
,ຈ
ຈ
);
(
);
,
;
ຈ
:
-Artemether + Lumefantrine:
:
ຈ
artemether+lumefantrine
Erythromycin. -C
ຈ
C
.
-C
ຈ
-D
h
-D
ຈ
E
h
.
dexamethason. digoxin.
-E
Ergot (ergotism).
-H
E
-P
E
h
hydrocortisone.
h
prednisolone.
-R - Th
(
. h
Th
h
(
Erythr
Th
E
-V
h
ຈ
h .
(
-W
.
. (Dosage):
-
ຈ
ຈ
,
ຈ
ຈ ,
.
-
gonococ,
,
. -
, .
ຈ . (Adverse effects): ( (
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ(
ຈ
(StevensJ h ຈ
( toxic epidermal necrolysis).
(Aminoglycosides) (A
(gentamicin)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
80
ຈ
ຈ ຈ (
ຈ
ຈ ຈ (
a nomog
(Gentamicin) (Gentamicin)
ຈ
aminogly
. (Gentamycin) :
-
(
(
(
2ml
(Uses): ( h
( (
h
(
(
ຈ (endo
( (
listeri
(
(
(
.
(Contraindications) : (myasthenia gravis). (Precautions): ຈ (
( (
gentamici
ຈ (ຈ
ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
-A -A
. h
B
.
-C
.
-C
.
-F
.
-N
Neostigmine (Antagonism effect).
-P
.
-P -S
Pyridostigmine (Antagonism effect). h
.
81
-V . -V
. (Uses):
-
ຈ
(
,
ຈ .
-
ຈ
S
(
( -
,
(
clindamycin). ( (
h
ຈ ຈ Adverse effects: ຈ . (Metronidazole) (Metronidazole)
(
(
(Metronidazole) protozoa. . (Metronidazole)
-
(metronidazole) 200 mg, 250 mg, 400 mg, and 500 mg.
-
(
-
(
(
benzoate) 200 mg/5 ml.
(
100ml.
(metronidazole) 0.5 g, 1 g. (Uses): (
(
( ຈ ຈ
(
(antibioti ຈ
ຈ
ຈ trichomon
Helicobacter pylori (
( (
(
(Contraindications): . (Precautions):
82
(
ຈ
disulf
(
ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
-A
h
(
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
Disulfiram.
-F
F
-L h
(
.
Lithium.
- Ph
M
- Ph
(
Ph
.
(
-W
Ph
. (Uses):
-
(A
(
,
ຈ . -
(Anaerobic infections), .
-
(Anaerobic infections),
,
ຈ ຈ
mg.
-
(Bacterial vaginosis),
,
(Pelvic inflammatory disease),
,
400500 mg
. -
ຈ
ຈ
.
(Leg ulcers and pressure sores),
,
. -
(Acute ulcerative gingivitis), .
-
,
-
.
(Antibioticassociated colitis),
ຈ
. -
,
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
-
.
,
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
.
-
( ຈ
500mg
,
ຳ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
.
Metronidazole metronidazole
,
;
1
(Adverse effects): ,
,
(unpleasant metallic taste), ;
ຈ
ຈ
,
83
(furred tongue) (drowsiness),
(dizziness),
(ataxia),
(erythema multiforme),
,
,
;
,
,
,
(myalgia),
(angioedema),
, thrombocyte
,
(arthralgia);
ຈ
(aplastic anaemia),
(peripheral neuropathy),
,ຈ
(leucopenia),
ຈ
.
6.2.2.7
(Nitrofurantoin) (
6.2.2.8
ຈ
(Spectinomycin) (
6.2.2.9
)
ຈ
)
(Sulfonamides and trimethoprim) (
ຈ
(Sulfadiazine)
ຈ .
(trimethoprim)
(Sulfame thoxazole) ຈ
(
Pneumocystis carinii
ຈ
( (Trimethoprim)
ຈ (Sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim) (Sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim)
: -
( (
-
h
(
h
h
(trimethoprim) 80 mg. (
h
(trimethoprim) 40
mg/5 ml.
-
(
ຈ ຈ
),
(trimethoprim) 16 mg/ml,
(sulfamethoxazole) 80 mg 5ml
10ml .
(Uses): -
; ຈ
ຈ
(bronchitis),
,
(infections in cystic fibrosis);
listeria;
(melioidosis);
brucella;
Pneumocystis carinii (
;
;
;
6.4.5).
(Contraindications): ຈ
h
.
(Precautions): ( creatinine cleara ຈ
ຈ -
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
( ຈ
ຈ F
(
G PD
ຈ
( ຈ ຈ
84
Methae
ຈ
ຈ
(K G PD ຈ -A
h
.
- Ciclospori
C
ຈ
P
.
-D
h
-D
D
.
-G
glibencinamide
ຈ
.
-L
.
-M
.
-M h
h
F
h - Ph
F
(ຈ
.
F
F
h
-P
. .
-P
h
F
-S
F
.
h
F
- Th
F
.
thiopental.
-W
. (Dosage): ຈ ,
(
(
h
( trime h h
h
,
h
h
h
h
sulfamethoxazole h
,
h
h
ຈ (Adverse effects): ຈ ( ຈ
(
h
(S
h
J h
ຈ
(
h
ຈ
(
(serum sickne ຈ a
ຈ
(
ຈ
(purpura)ຈ (
h
(
(
h
ຈ
(
( (
(
( ຈ
ຈ 6.2.2.10
-ຈ (
ຈ
(h trimethoprim. (C
ຈ
85
(pulmo ( (
(aplastic
Clindamycin Vancomycin ຈ
(Antileprosy drugs) ຈ
ຈ
Mycobacterium leprae
(
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(PB
(MB
ຈ
( ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
PB
ຈ
(
MB
( ຈ
ຈ ຈ
(Rifampicin)
PB
(dapsone)
(rifampicin)
(clofazimine)
MB
(
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(MDT ຈ
(positive skin smear)
ຈ
(MDT regimen) MB leprosy.
PB leprosy
MB leprosy.
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
MDT regimen
MB leprosy.
(neuritis); (disability).
ຈ ,
ຈ
. 1 (Type 1),
(reversal reactions),
PB or MB leprosy. ຈ ຈ
corticosteroids
,
.
prednisolone
2 ( The type 2 lepra reaction),
ຈ
(erythema nodosum leprosum (ENL)), MB leprosy 2 corticosteroid
,
ຈ
ຈ
.
,
prednisolone
ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ
86
ຈ
(TREATMENT REGIMENS) (PB
(
(MB
(
( ຈ PB leprosy. (
dapsone ຈ MB leprosy.
ຈ
rifampicin
ຈ
ຈ [
ຈ
]
(Clofazimine) (Clofazimine) : -
clofazimine 50 mg, 100 mg. (Uses): (MB
(
. (Contraindications): (ຈ (may discolour soft contact lenses). (Dosage): Multibacillary
(
, ຈ
ຈ
. (
(T
(
h
, ຈ
.
(Adverse effects): (
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ (
(
87
(D (Dapsone) : -
. (Uses): (PB
(MB
sy.
(Contraindications): ຈ
ຈ
.
(Precautions): ຈ (ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ G PD (
(A
(A
-R
porphyrine;
D
-S
h
T
.
h
D
T
h
ຈ
. -T
D
.
T
ຈ , ຈ
,
,
h
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
.
,
(purpura),
(bruising or bleeding develop). (Dosage): -
Paucibacillary (PB) (
mg
;
rifampicin,
10 ,
-
;
1014
50 mg
Multibacillary (MB) leprosy ( ),
100 mg 12
;
),
;
1014
100 6
rifampicin
10 ,
,
; clofazimine, 50 mg
;
.
(Adverse effects): methaemoglobinaemia; epidermal necrolysis
the StevensJohnson syndrome);
(
―
‖ ,
;
ຈ
, ຈ
,
, ຈ
,
-
toxic
ຈ ຈ
(insomnia),
ຈ
(reversible peripheral neuropathy),
(Rifampicin)
-
ຈ
eosinophilia;
(nervousness),
(psychoses reported).
:
,ຈ
sembling mononucleosis
(blurred vision), paraesthesia, ຈ
(
(Rifampicin) :
rifampicin 150 mg, 300 mg. , rifampicin 150 mg, 300 mg.
88
.
(Uses): paucibacillary (PB);
multibacillary (MB);
(
6.2.4). (Contraindications): . (Precautions): ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ( ຈ
ຈ ຈ
h
contact lenses); - Ph
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
Ph
-P
ຈ
P
-P
ຈ
P
-Q
ຈ
-S
(discolours soft
(
P (
. (
P
(
ຈ
Q S
h
Th
h
. P
R
ຈ
.
P
(
P - Th
.
ຈ
.
(
Th
h
P
. -V
ຈ
-W
V
ຈ
(
W
P
.
(
. ຈ ຈ
h
(thrombocyto penia)ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ (
(Dosage): -
P
(PB
(
, ຈ
. -9
M
(MB
(
, ຈ
ຈ ຈ
. ຈ
ຈ
(Adverse effects): ( ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
h (
89
ຈ
ຈ
( ຈ
h
h
ຈ
.
ຈ
(Antituberculosis drugs)
(M bovis ).
ຈ
(Mycobacte
ຈ ຈ ຈ ຈ
(
ຈ
ຈ
(PTB
ຈ
HIV
ຈ
( ຈ
(DOTS
ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ (Fixeddose combi ຈ ຈ ( ຈ
(
ຈ ຈ (
ຈ
isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide, streptomycin
(
ethambutol ( thioacetazone h
ຈ ຈ
(DOTS).
I ຈ ຈ ຈ
( amikacin , paminosalicylic acid , capreomycin , ciprofloxacin ,
cycloserine , ethionamide , kanamycin , levofloxacin , and ofloxacin
90
(HIV
is ຈ BGC ຈ HIV
BGC
ຈ
HIV (tuberculin test) BCG
(tuberculin t
ຈ (
(
( (serocon
ຈ
BCG. 1
(
(
Isoniazid Rifampicin
10
Pyrazinamide Streptomycin Ethambutol Isoniazid Rifampicin Pyrazinamide Streptomycin 2
Ethambutol 1 2
1
(
(
I R P
91
3
Ethambu Streptomycin
4
2
1 2 3
S
h
4
ຈ
Th
(
(
h HIV.
(C C
I
( HIV 1
( h
1
(
( (
h
ຈ
isoniazid + rifampicin) C
II
2 1
( h
ຈ h 1
( h
C
III
( 1
(
(
isoniazid + rifampicin + pyrazinamide + ethambutol 1
ຈ
C
I
3
( (
h
isoniazid + rifampicin) C
IV
(
( (
ຈ
1
MDRTB
4
ຈ
ຈ
rifampicin.
2
ຈ ຈ
3
4
ຈ
II
Category IV . ຈ
HIV
C
h ຈ (MDRTB
.
92
(Ethambutol hydrochloride) (Ethambutol hydrochloride) : -
(ethambutol hydrochloride) 100 mg, 400 mg (Uses): (
.
(Contraindications): ( . (Precautions): (
ຈ
( (
(
.
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(Dosage): (
, .
―ຈ
‖
(
ຈ
(
(
―ຈ
‖
(
Adverse effects) : ( ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(thrombocytopenia)
(Ethambutol hydrochloride with isoniazid) (Ethambutol hydrochloride with isoniazid) : -
h
:
h
h
.
(Uses): (
.
(Contraindications): (ethambutol H
h
I oniazid) (Precautions): (E h
H
h
I
.
(Dosage): h (
,
h
h
(Adverse effects):
93
h
.
Eh
H
h
I
.
(Isoniazid) (Isoniazid) : -
isoniazid 100 mg, 300 mg.
-
(
[
ຈ
].
(Uses): ( (Contraindicatoins): (druginduced hepatic disease). (Precautions): (ຈ (
(diabetes
HIV ( (
ຈ
ຈ (
(porphyria);
. ຈ
.
ຈ
ຈ
, ,
,
. (Dosage): -
,
6 mg/kg)
(
(
-
;
, 300 mg ,
,
),
ຈ
r 10 mg/kg 3
200300 mg
-
,
;
,
6
,
,
5 mg/kg (4
. (
1020 mg/kg
), .
300 mg
6
;
5 mg/kg
. Isoniazid
ຈ .
),
;
ຈ
.
(Adverse effects): , ຈ
,
, ,
ຈ
;
,
,
ຈ
, ຈ
1
; ,
, ;
(agranulocytosis), ຈ
(aplastic anaemia);
ຈ (toxic psychoses), ຈ)ຈ like syndrome,
ຈ;
(
35 ,
(pellagra),
systemic lupus erythematosus (hyperreflexia),
(gynaecomastia). (Pyrazinamide) :
ຈ
(optic neuritis),
; ຈ
,
(Pyrazinamide)
:
94
,
,
-
(pyrazinamide) 400 mg, 500 mg [
500mg
ຈ
]. (Uses): (
.
(Contraindications): (
h
.
(Precautions): (ຈ ( (
(ຈ
(
( ຈ
.
ຈ
ຈ
. ຈ ,
,
. (Dosage): ( 25 mg/kg
;
r 35 mg/kg 3
),
,
.
(Adverse effects): , ;
;
,
,
,
ຈ
,
;
,
;
(sideroblastic anaemia);
,
. (Rifampicin) :
(Rifampicin)
-
(rifampicin) 150 mg, 300 mg (Uses): (
(
.
(Contraindications): . (Precautions): ຈ
(
(
(
(
h
lenses);
ຈ
(discolours soft contact
ຈ
ຈ
. ( h
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
. ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(Dosage):
95
(
, (
ຈ
ຈ
. ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
. (Adverse effects): ( ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
h (
ຈ (
(
ຈ
h
h
ຈ
(Rifampicin with isoniazid) (Rifampicin with isoniazid)
-
(
(
(
(
(rifampici
(
(
(
(
(isoniazid)
150 mg. (Uses): (
.
(Contraindications): R
I
.
(Precautions): R
I
(Dosage): -
( (
(
, .
-
( (
,
(
.
(Adverse effects): R
I
. (Rifampicin with isoniazid and pyrazinamide) (Rifampicin with isoniazid and pyrazinamide)
-
( (
( (
(pyrazin (
96
10
(
(
(pyrazinamid)
500 mg. (Uses): (
.
(Contraindications): R
I
P
.
(Precautions): R
I
P
(Dosage): (
,
. (Adverse effects): Rifa
I
P
. (Rifampicin with isoniazid, pyrazinamide
and ethambutol hydrochloride) (Rifampicin with isoniazid, pyrazinamide and ethambutol hydrochloride)
-
(
(
(
(ethambutol hydrochloride) 275 mg. (Uses): (
(
.
(Contraindications): R
I
P
Ethambutol Hydrochloride. (Precautions): R
I
P
Eh
H
h
.
(Dosage): (
, h
h
h
.
(Adverse effects): Rifampi
I
P
Eh
H
h
,
(Streptomycin) (Streptomycin)
-
(
(
(
.
(Uses): (
.
(Contraindications):
97
(
.
(Precautions): ຈ
ຈ
(
( plasma ); . (Dosage): ( ,
(
ຈ
ຈ .
( (
(
h
(
.
(Adverse effects): ຈ (paraesthesia of mouth); ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(
(h
. (Thioacetazone with isoniazid)
Th
. (Thioacetazone with isoniazid)
-
(h
(h
( (isoniazid) 300 mg.
(Uses): (
.
(Contraindications): I
HIV
h
(Precautions): I
ຈຈ
thioacetazone
ຈ (Dosage): (
,
h
. (Adverse) : I
h
( h
ຈ
(aplastic anaemia).
98
ຈ (BCG vaccine) ຈ (BCG (WHO T
h
R
S
(WHO Technical Rep
S
.
ຈ (BCG vaccine)
-
(
ຈ
( bacillus of
Calmette and Guérin). (Uses): . (Contraindications): ( (h
(
(
(
ຈ
ຈ
HIV
(asymptomati antimycobacterial. (Precautoins): (
(
.
(
. (Dosage):
(intradermal injection), ml;
ml.
. (Adverse effects): (lymphadenitis) (osteitis)
ຈ
(keloid);
(localized necrotic ulceration);
ຈ
,
ຈ
BCG
.
(Tuberculin purified protein derivative (tuberculin PPD) ຈ
T (WHO T
h
R
(
S
(Tuberculin purified protein derivative (tuberculin PPD).
-
(
ml.
(Uses): (test for hypersensitivity to tuberculoprotein). (Contraindications): (Precautions): ( ຈ
HIV (immunosuppressant therapy)
99
(
h
. (Dosage): (Test for hypersensitivity to tuberculoprotein),
(intradermal injection) ,
(
ຈ
. (Adverse effects): ( ຈ
(regional
adenopathy and fever).
ຈ
(Antifungal Drugs)
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
HIV ຈ AmphotericinB
ຈ
Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., Cryptococcus neoformans , Histoplasma capsulatum , Blastomyces dermatitidis , Coccidioides immitis , Paracoccidioides brasiliensis , Mucor , Absidia Phicopes
algal Prototheca spp.
Leishmania proto-zoa
candidosis A
h
B
ຈ
amphotericinB ຈ ຈ ຈ
C
rheumatism.
Fluconazole (
h
( F
ຈ
100
Valley fever, desert
Flucytosine
ຈ
Cryptococcus
Candida
fluorinated pyri
ຈ
(enzyme) cytosine deaminase. Fluc
(
mcg/ml
Penicillium griseofulvum
Griseofulvin
Trichophyton rubrum
T. verrucosum .
G
(ringworm), Microsporum canis ,
ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ Nystatin
ຈ
Streptomyces noursei
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
Potassium iodide h
Sporothrix schenckii
h
ຈ ຈ
Basidiobolus haptosporus
h
amphotericin B
ຈ
I h
phycomycosis.
(Amphotericin B) A
h
B h
( B
ຈ
.
(Uses): ຈ h
h
(
s
.
(Precautions):
(
( ຈ
ຈ
(
( (
ຈ
ຈ
.
101
(Dosage):
ຈ .
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(Adverse effects): ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
( (
(
ຈ
Fluconazole F
(
-
(Capsules) , fluconazole 50 mg
-
(
-
fluconazole 50 mg/5 ml
(
fluconazole 2 m
(Uses): , mycosis ຈ
histoplasma, coccidioido
, paracoccidioidomycosis and blastomycosis;
AIDS
ຈ
, ຈ
ຈ candidosis,
. (Precautoion):
102
candidosis
cryptococ;
(Appendix 4);
(Appendix 2);
(Appendix 3);
(
; Appendix 5);
: Appendix 1. (Dosage): -
,
,
36 mg/kg/
6
-
800 mg /
(
2
ຈ
8
;
,
AIDS
, candidosis
( ,
48
400 mg /
).
,
612 mg/kg /
, 2
cryptococcal meningitis
-
2
),
72 48
-
;
amphotericin B
, 24
6
.
Cryptococ ( 612 mg /kg /
200 mg /
100200 mg/
ຈ
amphotericin B),
400 mg
(
.
200 mg /
72
ຈ
4
;
2
24
).
-
candidose
200 mg
, 100 mg /
36 mg/kg
ຈ
;
3 mg/kg / 48
-
(
400 mg /
72
2
,
;
24
). candidosis
,
.
150 mg .
(Adverse effects): ,
, ,
,
,
,ຈ
(
,
ຈ
,
);
ຈ
, AIDS);
.
F
(
-
,
,
, ,
Stivens Johnson
(Flucytosine):
-
,
ຈ ຈ
syndrome) ,
,
. , flucytosine 250 mg. .
(Uses):
103
,ຈ
h
B(
ຈ
h
B
.
(Precautions): (Appendix 4);
h
B(
ຈ ຈ
(
(A
(A
: Appendix 1. (Dosage): -
( ( .
–
.
(
ຈ
(
–
mg/litre
(Adverse effects):
ຈ
ຈ ( h
ຈ
( aplastic anaemia).
Griseofulvin -
-
, griseofulvin 125 mg, 250 mg
(
griseofulvin 250 mg
(Uses):
(Contraindications): (
(
ຈ
(
104
h
(Precautions): ຈ
(
ຈ
( : Appendix 1. ,
. (Dosage): ,
0.51 g (
/
10 mg/kg) /
10 mg/kg
;
ຈ
(Adverse effects): ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ
( . Nystatin -
ຈ nystatin 100 000 units, 500 000 units
-
ຈ
-
[
ຈ
].
ຈ nystatin 100 000 units. ຈ nystatin 100 000 units. (Uses): . (Contraindications): (A
.
(Dosage):
105
. -
, .
-
,
.
(Adverse effects):
(StevensJohnson syndrome). (Potassium iodide) P
-
potassium i
(
).
(Uses): ຈ
Sporathrix schenchii;
hyroto
(
18.8)
(Contraindications): iodides;
(
2);
(Appendix 3);
(Precautions): ຈ
adrenocortical hormanes; ຈ
; ;
(Dosage) : -
ຈ
S
h
h
h
iodism,
-
(Adverse effects): ຈ ( ຈ ,
ຈ
; pulmonary oedema,
, ຈ
106
); ;
,
ຈ
(Antiprotozoal drugs) A
G
Trichomonas (Antiamoebic,
antigiardial and antitrichomonal drugs) ຈ
amoeba (AMOEBIASIS) ຈ
Entamoeba histolytica
ຈ
ຈ ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
amoeba. Diloxanide furoate
clefamide , etofamide
teclozan
ຈ ຈ
amoeba (
E. histolytica
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
metronidazole , ornidazole ຈ
tinidazole
ຈ
ຈ ຈ Giardia (GIARDIASIS) giardia
ຈ
Giardia intestinalis
ຈ -
metronidazole
ຈ ຈ
trichomonas (TRICHOMONIASIS) h
-
Trichomonas vaginalis
ຈ
ຈ
metronidazole
107
nitroimidazole
(Diloxanide furoate) (Diloxanide furoate)
-
diloxanide furoate 500 mg . (Uses): ຈ
( ຈ
ຈ
(Contraindications): (
ຈ
(
3). (Dosage): ຈ
( ຈ
(Adverse effects):
(Metronidazole) Metronidazole
bacteria (Metronidazole)
-
, metronidazole 200 mg, 250 mg, 400 mg, 500 mg.
-
(
benzoate) 200 mg/5 ml.
(
100ml .
(Uses): ຈ h
ຈ ຈ
Helicobacter pylori (
(
(
.
(Contraindications): ຈ
.
(Precautions): (
(
(
(Dosage): -
ຈ
ຈ
-
( ຈ
ຈ (ຈ
(
ຈ ຈ
.
-
giardia, -
108
(
.
.
-
trichom
. ຈ
M
ຈ
(Adverse effects): ຈ ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ leishmania (Antileishmanial drugs) h
protozoa Leishmania
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
h
ຈ
(VISCERAL LEISHMANIASIS) h
(
(
ຈ
(
Leishmania donovani
L. infantum (
L. chagasi
pentavalent antimony, meglumine antimoniate
sodium stibogluconate ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
A
, pentamidine isetionate
amphotericin B
h ຈ ຈ
allopurinol
ຈ
(CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS) le h
braziliensis
ຈ
L. tropica , L. major , L. infantum
L. aethiopica
L. amazonensis , L. mexicana , L. peruviana , L. guyanensis , L. panamensis ຈ
L. mexicana , L. tropica
L. peruviana
ຈ
ຈ
L. braziliensis L. aethiopica ຈ
L. guyanensis h
L. major ,
L. tropica
L. panamensis
pentamidine. (MUCOCUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS)
109
L.
h
panamensis
L. braziliensis
ຈ
L.
ຈ
ຈ
amphotericin B
pentamidine isetionate
L. aethiopica
ຈ ຈ ຈ
cortic
ຈ
ຈ ຈ h
ຈ
(DIFFUSE CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS)
h
L. aethiopica
ຈ
L. mexicana
ຈ antimonial
ຈ
pentamidine is
ຈ
L. amazonensis ,
ຈ
(Pentavalent antimony compounds) Meglumine antimoniate leishmania;
pentavalent antimony
sodium stibogluconate
.
(Pentavalent antimony compounds)
-
(
pentavalent
(
(
ml .
(Uses): h
(
.
(Contraindications): . (Precautions): (
ຈ
-
(
h ຈ
(
( leishman (
-
corticosteroids.
(Dosage): pentavalent antimony -
h
-
h
(
L. aethiopica , L. braziliensis , L. amazonensis ),
-
110
-
ຈ
-
ຈ
-
ຈ
(L. braziliensis ),
h ຈ ຈ
(
-
(L. braziliensis ),
h ຈ
ຈ
.
h
-
h
B(
(L. amazonensis ),
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
M
S ( .
(Adverse effects): ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ ຈ
( ຈ
ຈ
(Pentamidine isetionate) P
pneumocystis. (Pentamidine isetionate).
-
(
pentamidine isetionate 200mg vial, 300mg vial.
(Uses): -
h A
carinii (
(
ຈ
(A
A
Pneumocystis
(
. (Contraindications): . (Precautiosns): (
ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
-
ຈ
(
-
h (
(
. (Dosage): -
h
(
pentavalent
antimony),
ຈ
-
ຈ h
(L. aethiopica , L. guyanensis ),
-
ຈ
111
-
h
(L. aethiopica ),
ຈ -
ຈ
ຈ
-
ຈ -
ຈ ຈ
(L. braziliensis , L. aethiopica ),
h
-
ຈ
.
Pentamidine isetio ຈ
.
(Adverse effects): -
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
I -
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ S ຈ
J h
ຈ
ຈ
(Amphotericin B) A
h
B
leishmania. (Amphotericin B).
(
ampho tericin B 50mg vial (Uses):
-
h ( Precautions):
(
( ຈ
(
(
(
(
ຈ
h ຈ
B ຈ
.
(Dosage): leishmania
(
pentavalent antimony), ຈ (
, 5-10 mg,
, ຈ
1 mg
5-10 mg
0.5-1 mg/kg,
1-3 g).
112
20-30 ຈ
,
. (Adverse effects): , ຈ ,
,
,
,
,
,
,
ຈ
potassium ;
;
ຈ
;
,
ຈ-
(
, magnesium
(
ຈ
);
(
); (
); ຈ
);
;
ຈ
.
(Antimalarial drugs) ,
( ),
)
ຈ
,
. Plasmodium vivax
plasmodium 4
. P. falciparum
ຈ
P. malariae ,
, ,
ຈ
.
P. vivax
ຈ
falciparum
. P. ovale
P. ovale
P.
P. malariae.
ຈ ຈ
(Treatment of malaria) h
(
ຈ
ຈ 4-aminoquinolines (amodiaquine
chloroquine
arylaminoalcohols (mefloquine (artemether
artesunate
ຈ
P. vivax
quinine
h
P. ovale
sulfonamide (sulfadoxine
pyrime thamine
(
h
artemisinin
doxycycline
ຈ
P. falciparum. Chloroquine
ovale
h chloroquine.
ຈ
P. vivax
h h
h
P. falciparum
ຈ
h h
P. malariae P. P. falciparum
P. ovale ຈ
113
P. vivax
primaquine
ຈ
Amodiaquine
ຈ
P. falciparum
h
h ຈ
ຈ
ຈ pyrimethamine h
h ຈ
ຈ ຈ su h h
(
quinine).
Mefloquine
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
P. falciparum
(
P. falciparum
ຈ h
ຈ
pyrimethamine.
P. falciparum
Quinine
ຈ
ຈ D artemisinin
(artemether
h artesunate
falci
artesunate h quinine.
ຈ
h
h
(Prophylaxis against malaria)
P. falciparum
Chloroquine h
chloroquine
Chloroquine ຈ
ຈ
P. falciparum
ຈ
P. malariae
P. vivax
114
P. ovale
ຈ
Mefloquine ( ຈ
M
ຈ Proguanil
h
ຈ
ຈ
P. ovale
ຈ
h
P. falciparum
P. vivax
P. vivax
ຈ
P. falciparum P
h P
h
P. falciparum h
ຈ
mefloquine.
falci h h
h (Amodiaquine) A
ຈ
.
(Amodiaquine).
-
(
hydrochloride) 153 mg, 200 mg.
(Uses):
P. falciparum .
ຈ (Contraindications): (
ຈ
.
(Precautions): (
(
G PD
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ ຈ
(Dosage): ຈ ຈ . (Adverse effects):
115
ຈ -
ຈ
(
(Artemether) A
h (Artemether)
-
(
h
(Uses):
ml.
P. falciparum
ຈ . (Contraindications): . (Precautions): ຈ (Dosage):
P. falciparum
ຈ
(
quinine), ຈ
ຈ
6
ຈ (
ຈ
.
(Adverse effects): ຈ
ຈ ຈ(
ຈ
-
(Artemether with lumefantrine) (Artemether with lumefantrine)
-
h
lumefantrine 120 mg.
(Uses): ຈ
P. falciparum
Plasmodium falciparum .
(Contraindications):
(
(
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
QT (
(Precautions):
116
QT ຈ
(
(
(
5) ,
.
ຈ
.
(Dosage): ຈ 12 60
35 kg, (
24
5
60
8, 24, 36, 48
2
2
,
4
5
8, 24, 36, 48
1014 kg,
(
3
60
4
6
60
8, 24, 36, 48
2534 kg,
,
);
60
5
P. falciparum
60
3
1
);
(
5
1 1524 kg,
12
60
8, 24, 36, 48
);
60
(
18
).
ຈ (Adverse effects): ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ (Artesunate) Artemether
. (Artesunate)
-
, artesunate 50 mg. (Uses):
P. falciparum
ຈ . (Contraindications): . (Precautions):
ຈ
. ,
.
ຈ
.
(Dosage): ( 6 mg/kg,
ຈ
4 mg/kg
,
, 4 mg/kg
)
3 ;
2
1,
ຈ
mefloquine 15 mg/kg (
3
;
mg/kg
, 25
artesunate
,
6 .
(Adverse effecs): ຈ
,
,
, ຈ
;
, ຈ
;
,
,
,
neutrocytes
,
QT; ;
-
. (Chloroquine)
117
:
(Chloroquine)
: :
-
, chloroquine base (
-
phosphate
, chloroquine base (
-
(
sulfate) 100 mg, 150 mg.
phosphate
), chloroquine base (
(Uses):
vivax
primaquine
phosphate
sulfate) 40 mg/ml,
P. malariae
ຈ
P. ovale (
sulfate) 50 mg/5 ml.
ຈ
5ml .
P. falciparum
; P.
);
;
(
2.4).
(Precautions): ຈ
ຈ
chloroquine
; ຈ
;
(
ຈ
;
4);
,
(
3);
(
);
myasthenia gravis
;
;
:
(
2);
; ; G6PD
quinine
.
1
(Dosage): -
ຈ (
mg/
h
ຈ
.
-
(
ຈ
falciparum),
h
ຈ
(
mg
ຈ
(
ຈ
h ( (ຈ
.
-
. ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
( ຈ (Adverse effects): ຈ
( ຈ h
( .
118
ຈ
(Doxycycline) D
. :
-
(Doxycycline)
(
ຈ
hydrochloride) 100 mg.
(Dispersible tablets)
(
monohydrate) 100 mg.
(Uses): quinine (
quinine,
P. falci parum
sulfonamides);
P. falciparum
ຈ (
ຈ
;
6.2.2.3). (Contraindications): (
h
(Precautions): ຈ
-
(
(
(
(Dosage): -
( .
ຈ ຈ
ຈ (Adverse effects): ( ຈ ຈ (Mefloquine) M (Mefloquine)
(
hydrochloride) 250 mg
(Uses): ຈ
P. falciparum ຈ
artemi
Falcipa rum (Contraindications):
119
P.
ຈ ຈ quinine. (Precautions): ( ຈ
ຈ
(
( (
ຈ
ຈ
.
(Dosage): -
(
(
. -
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(Adverse effects): ຈ
ຈ
( ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
S
ຈ
J h
.
(Primaquine) (Primaquine).
-
(
phosphate) 7.5 mg, 15 mg.
(Uses):
P. vivax
ຈ
P. falciparum (
ຈ ຈ
P. ovale (
h h
(Contraindications): (
ຈ
(
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
( .
120
ຈ
.
(Precautions): ຈ
h
hemoglobin
P. vivax
G PD
P. ovale
( ຈ
. (Dosage): -
P. vivax
ຈ h
P. ovale (
ຈ
( G PD
-
P. falciparum (
ຈ
. ຈ
schizonts .
(Adverse effects): ຈ
ຈ
(
h
G PD
h
ຈ
ຈ
methae mo
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(Proguanil hydrochloride) (Proguanil hydrochloride).
-
, proguanil hydrochloride 100 mg. h
.
(Uses): h
ຈ .
(Precautions): (
(
( (Dosage): m -
-
mg -
. ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ (Adverse effects):
(Quinine) (Quinine).
121
-
, quinine sulfate 300 mg; quinine bisulfate 300 mg.
-
(
ຈ
h
h
ml
(Uses):
P. falciparum .
ຈ (Contraindications): h
.
(Precautions): ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
( (
G PD
h
(Dosage): Quinine (anhydrous base) 100 mg = quinine bisulfate 169 mg = quinine dihydrochloride 122 mg = quinine sulfate 121 mg Q
dihydrochloride
-
ຈ (
P. falciparum ,
mg/kg (quinine sulfate)
falciparum
P.
ຈ .
ຈ -
ຈ quinine),
(
(
h
h
(
h
h
P.falciparum (
ຈ
mg/kg (quinine dihydro h (
h
h ຈ
.
ຈ
ຈ ຈ . (Adverse effects): ຈ
h
(
(
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
( ຈ-
-
. (Sulfadoxine with pyrimethamine) S
h
. (Sulfadoxine with pyrimethamine)
122
-
pyrimethamine 25 mg. ( Uses) :
P. falciparum
ຈ
h
h
(
.
(Contraidications): h (
.
(Precautions): ຈ
ຈ
(
G PD (
. (Dosage):
h
P. falciparum
(
(
2130 kg, (Adverse effects): (S ຈ
J h
ຈ
ຈ
h
-
ຈ ຈ
trypanosoma (Antitrypanosomal drugs) ຈ
African (African trypanosomiasis) ຈ
A
Glossina
brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense
Trypanosoma brucei —T.
(
ຈ
A
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
rhodesiense
T. b. gambiense
ຈ
gambiense
-
T. b. rhodesiense
pentamidine isetionate
T. b.
suramin sodium ຈ
T. b. gambiense
Melarsoprol
T. b.
ຈ
T. b. gambiense. T. b. rhodesiense ຈ
ຈ (
ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ
123
Eflornithine
ຈ
m ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
T. b. gambiense . (Melarsoprol) (Melarsoprol).
-
(
.
(Uses):
T. b. gambiense
ຈ
Rhodesiense.
T. b.
(Contraindications): . (Precautions): ຈ ( ( G PD (Dosage):
T. b. gambiense
(
T. b. rhodesiense
ຈ ຈ
. -
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
.
(Adverse effects): ຈ ຈ
(
-
ຈ
-
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
-
.
(Pentamidine isetionate) Pentamidine is
trypanosoma (Pentamidine isetionate)
-
(
pentamidine isetionate 200mg vial, 300mg vial.
(Uses):
T. b. gambiense
ຈ h
(
T. b. gambiense
Pneumocystis carinii (
(Contraindications):
124
ຈ
T. b.
rhodesiense (
.
(Contraindications): cells/mm
-
3
(
ຈ (
ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(
-
ຈ (
(
(Dosage):
.
T. b. gambiense ,
-
.
T. b. gambiense (
ຈ
melarsoprol),
. . Pentamidine isetionate ຈ
;
ຈ
.
(Adverse effects): ;
,
;
calcium
,
ຈ
,
,ຈ
potassium
,
; ,
ຈ
;
,
;
;
,
,
ຈ ;
StevensJohnson; ຈ
ຈ
,
.
(Suramin sodium) :
-
(Suramin sodium).
(
suramin sodium 1g vial.
(Uses):
T. b. gambiense ຈ
T. b. rhodesiense
h
(
T. b. rhodesiense
T. b. gambiense
(Contraindications): . (Precautions): ຈ -
ຈ ຈ
(
-
125
(Dosage):
T. b. gambiense
-
T. b. rhodesiense,
. -
T. b. gambiense
ຈ
rhodesiense (
T. b.
melarsoprol), .
. (
;
)
.
0.5 ml
1
30
1
ຈ
2-3 microlitres
;
;
(Adverse effects): ,
, -
albumin ;
(
; ຈ
;
;
;
;
;
)
,
,
;
;
;
;
;
;
ຈ ຈ. (Eflornithine hydrochloride) Eflornithine hydrochloride :
.
(Eflornithine hydrochloride)
: :
-
(
ຈ
), eflornithine hydrochloride 200 mg/ml,
100ml. (Uses): , ຈ
T. b. gambiense .
(Contraindications):
. (Precautions): ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ
-
ຈ
( (Dosage):
T. b. gambiense , (
me
.
ຈ
. (Adverse effects): ,
ຈ ,ຈ
;
, -
,ຈ ,
, ຈ
; , ຈ
.
126
,
,
eosinophils
ຈ
American (American trypanosomiasis) ຈ
A
Trypanosoma cruzi
(
Ch
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
benznidazole
ຈ
nifurtimox ຈ
ຈ
ຈ benz ຈ (Benznidazole) :
-
(Benznidazole).
, benznidazole 100 mg. (Uses): ຈ
A
(
Chagas).
(Uses): . (Precautons): -
ຈ
.
(Dosage): ຈ
A
(
Chagas),
. (Adverse effects): -
ຈ ຈ
(Nifurtimox) (Nifurtimox)
-
, nifurtimox 30 mg, 120 mg, 250 mg. (Uses):
127
ຈ
ຈ
trypanosom
A
(
Chagas).
(Contraindications): . (Precautons): ຈ
-
h
(Dosage): ຈ
A
(
Chagas),
(Adverse effects): ຈ
ຈ
.
6.4.4
ຈ
toxoplasma (Antipneumocystosis and
antitoxoplasmosis drugs) ຈ
pneumocystic (PNEUMOCYSTOSIS).
Pneumocystis carinii
ຈ
protozoa
Pneumocystis carinii
ຈ
. .
.
,
ຈ ຈ
;
.
Sulfamethoxazole
trimethoprim
Pneumocystis carinii ຈ
ຈ
,
ຈ ຈ
sulfamethoxazole
Pneumocystis carinii
; pentamidine isetionate trimethoprim.
toxoplasma (TOXOPLASMOSIS) ຈ
Toxoplasma gondii
ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
( ຈ
ຈ
h
ຈ folat
pyrimethamine
ຈ (Sulfamethoxazole with trimethoprim)
128
sulfadiazine
(Sulfamethoxazole with
-
h
h
trimethoprim).
h
trimethoprim 160 mg.
-
, sulfame h (
5
trimethoprim 40 mg/5 ml.
ຈ
h
h
ml. (Uses):
Pneumocystis carinii ;
ຈ
(
6.2.2.9)
(Contraindications): h
porphyrin.
(Precautions): (
( (
(
ຈ -
G PD
(
(
(Dosage): -
Pneumocystis carinii (
ຈ h -
h
.
-
-
Pneumocystis carinii (
ຈ h
h
(
.
ຈ (Adverse effects): ,
,
, ຈ
;
,
,
,
; (
StevensJohnson)
; ;
ຈ
ຈ -
,
, ຈ
ຈ
granulocytes ,
,
, ,
ຈ ,
,
,
, ຈ
,
ຈ
,
, ຈ
,
,
,
trimethoprim.
(Pentamidine isetionate) Pentam
pneumocystic (Pentamidine isetionate).
-
(
, ,
ຈ
,
eosinophils
ຈ
,
granulocytes
;
;
ຈ
, ;
,
pentamidine isetionate 200mg vial, 300mg vial
129
,
-
[ (Uses):
ຈ
Pneumocystis carinii
ຈ ຈ
A
(
] ຈ
h
(
.
(Contraindications): . (Precautions) : (
ຈ (
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
-
P. carinii
(
( (Dosage): -
P. carinii (
ຈ
-
P. carinii (
ຈ
. Pentamidine isetionate
.
;
ຈ
ຈ (Adverse effects): ;
-
, ຈ
ຈ
,
ຈ
calcium
,
;ຈ ຈ ;
,
,ຈ
-
,
; ,
,
,
potassium
Johnson; ຈ
ຈ
; ;
ຈ
,
;
;
,
,
Stevens
ຈ
.
(Pyrimethamine) :
(Pyrimethamine)
:
-
: , pyrimethamine 25 mg, 50 mg [
50mg
ຈ
]
(Uses): ຈ (
toxoplasma (
6.4.3). (Contraindications): . (Precautions):
130
sulfadiazine);
(
sulfadoxine)
( (
ຈ
(Dosage): -
ຈ
T
ຈ
T
(
.
-
ຈ
-
-
ຈ
T
ຈ h
ຈ
ຈ
. ຈ
T
h
(
(Adverse effects): ຈ
(Sulfadiazine) S
ຈ
Toxoplasma .
(Sulfadiazine).
-
, sulfadiazine 500 mg. (Uses): ຈ (
Toxoplasma (
pyrimethamine);
6.2.2.9).
(Contraindications): porphyrin. (Precautions): (
( (
(
ຈ -
G PD
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144
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diethyltoluamide 50%, 75%
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146
ຈ
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147
148
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149
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metoclopramide hyd
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h
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152
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153
.
Antineoplastic and immunosuppressive drugs and drugs used in palliative care. Immunosuppressive drugs ຈ
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154
8.
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156
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3).
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h
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h
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161
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.
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h
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162
:
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(Dosage): (Adverse effects):
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.
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h
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h
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(interactions):
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mercaptopurine 50 mg.
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. (Precautions): (
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(Dosage): (Adverse effects): . (Methotrexate)
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(
h
(
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h
h ຈ
h
( (
164
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(
(severe rheumatoid
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.
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(
.
(Dosage): -
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ຈ . .
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(vincristine)
ຈ E
165
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oside ຈ
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(
5
.
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.
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ຈ (Vinblastine sulfate) ຈ
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.
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.
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166
.
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.
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167
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168
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169
.
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171
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172
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(Antiparkinson drugs) (Drugs used in parkinsonism) ຈ Drugs used in essential tremor and related disorders
173
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174
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175
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176
Drugs affecting the blood ຈ
Antianaemia drugs
Drugs affecting coagulation
177
ຈ Antianaemia drugs ຈ
IRONDEFICIENCY ANAEMIA ຈ ຈ
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MEGALOBLASTIC ANAEMIAS
178
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179
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. ( Contraindications): ຈ
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180
( ຈ
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(Dosage):
181
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182
ຈ ( ຈ ( ANTICOAGULANTS IN PREGNANCY ຈ ຈ
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183
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. Contraindications: ( ຈ
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bacterial endocarditis.
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ຈ NOTE.
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184
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.
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h h
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prophylaxis against haemorrhagic disease of the newborn.
185
.
(Precautions): h h
(
interactions:
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ຈ (Adverse effects): ຈ ຈ
ຈ
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186
187
(Dextran 70)
(Polygeline)
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ຈ
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ຈ ຈ D ຈ
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(Dosage) :
ຈ ( (Adverse effects) : ຈ . (Polygeline)
188
ຈ
(
P
.
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ຈ .
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.
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VIII
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IX II VII IX
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IX VIII
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189
X X
X
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A B
AB
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II, VII, IX, X) ຈ (
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(Precautions) : (
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.
190
(Dosage) : -
ຈ .
-
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X
IX
ຈ . (Adverse effects)
191
ຈ ຈ ຈ
(Antianginal medicines) (Antiarrythmic medicines) (Antihypertensive medicines) ຈ
ຈ
(Cardiac glycosides and medicines used in heart failure) 12
ຈ
(Medicines used in
vascular shock) ຈ
(Antithrombotic medicines) (Lipid-lowering agents)
192
ຈ
(A
ຈ ຈ
(
ຈ ຈ ຈ
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(Stable angina) ຈ ( beta-
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(NITRATES N ຈ ຈ
ຈ
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N
Nitrates (nitrateຈ
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Isosorbide dini ຈ
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ຈ ຈ
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193
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beta
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ຈ ຈ
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ຈ ຈ
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(CALCIUM-CHANNEL BLOCKERS) C -
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Calcium - h ຈ
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ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ
C ຈ
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heparin. N
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calcium- h
blocker. (A A
(Atenolol)
194
-
-
atenolol 50 mg, 100 mg.
-
(
atenolol 500 micrograms/ml, 10-
.
(Uses): ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
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(
(
( Contraindicatons): ຈ
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ຈ
(
ຈ ຈ
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(
( ຈ
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epinephrine (
(Dosage): -
ຈ
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-
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(
ຈ
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(Adverse effects): -
( R
ຈ
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-
(G , glyceryl trinitrate 500 micrograms.
195
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ (Uses): ຈ
.
(Contraindications): ຈ
nitra
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ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(Precautions): ຈ ຈ
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ຈ
ຈ
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( Dosage): ຈ
-
.
(Adverse effect): ຈ ຈ
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(I I
-
nitrat
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-
, isosorbide dinitrate 20 mg, 40 mg. (Uses): ຈ
ຈ
(
(Contraindications):
196
.
ຈ
nitra
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(Precautions): ຈ ຈ
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(Dosage): -
ຈ
-
-
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.
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(Adverse effects): ຈ ຈ
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(
ຈ
ຈ
(Verapamil hydrochloride)
-
verapamil hydrochloride 40 mg, 80 mg.
.
ຈ . (Uses): ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
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(
.
(Contraindications): ຈ
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ຈ ຈ
ຈ
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ຈ
ຈ h
( ຈ
.
197
ຈ W
ຈ -P
-Wh
(Precautions): ຈ ຈ
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(
ຈ
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(
ຈ
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(
(
(grapefruit). .
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(Atrial fibrillation) ຈ
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-
V
D
ຈ
ຈ
D
ຈ ຈ ຈ W
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
198
procaina ຈ
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ຈ ຈ
(Atrial flutter) ຈ
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(Cardiac arrest)
199
ຈ
ep
h
(
(
ຈ (A -
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alpha-blocker).
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ຈ
(
ຈ ຈ
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(
( ຈ
(
h
(
.
(Dosage): ຈ
ຈ
(Adverse effects): -
( R
ຈ
200
ຈ
(
-
(Digoxin)
-
, digoxin 62.5 micrograms, 250 micrograms.
-
, digoxin 50 micrograms/ml.
-
(
digoxin 250 micrograms/ml, 2ml ampoule.
(Uses): ຈ ຈ
(
ຈ
.
(Contraindications): ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
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W
ຈ
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(
ຈ
Wh
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(
. (Dosage):
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-
-
( ຈ
ຈ ຈ
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(
ຈ -1 mg. ຈ
(Adverse effects):
201
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(
-
[Epinephrine (adrenaline)]
(
h
h
h
(
10, 000), 10ml
ampoule. (Uses): ຈ
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.
(Precautions): ຈ
ຈ
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(Dosage):
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h ຈ
(
h (
ຈ ຈ h
(
.
ຈ ຈ
(Isoprenaline) I
-
(
ຈ
isoprenaline hydrochloride 20 micrograms/ml, 10-ml ampoule. (Uses):
202
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(Precautions): ຈ . (Dosage): -
ຈ
-
(-
ຈ
ຈ -
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-
-
.
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acute Stokes- Adams attack),
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.
ຈ (Adverse effects): ຈ
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ຈ (Lidocaine hydrochloride)
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(
lidocaine hydrochloride 20 mg/ml, 5-ml ampoule. (Uses): ຈ
(
ຈ
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(
1.2). (Contraindications): ຈ
ຈ ຈ
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h
(Precautions): ຈ
ຈ
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203
( ຈ
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. (Dosage): ຈ
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(Adverse effects): ຈ ຈ ຈ
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(
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(Procainamide hydrochloride) P
h
P
h ຈ
h
h ຈ
-
h
-
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h
[
].
, procainamide hydrochloride 100 mg/ml, 10ml ampoule.
( (Uses): ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(Contraindications): ຈ
ຈ ຈ
(Precautions):
204
ຈ
( ( . (Dosage): -
ຈ
( -10 micrograms/ml).
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ຈ
-
ຈ ຈ (ECG
ຈ
ຈ
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(Adverse effects):
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ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ (Quinidine sulfate) -Q
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-Q
-
ຈ
quinidine sulfate 200 mg. Quinidine sulfate 200 mg = quinidine bisulfate 250 mg (Uses): ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(Contraindications): ຈ
ຈ
205
ຈ
ຈ
(Precautions): ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
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(
( .
(Dosage) -
quinidine.
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-
-
ຈ
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-
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-
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ຈ
ຈ ຈ
granulo cyte ຈ
h
ຈ
ຈ (Verapamil hydrochloride)
-
verapamil hydrochloride 40 mg, 80 mg.
.
ຈ .
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(
verapamil hydrochloride 2.5 mg/ml, 2ml ampoule. (Uses): ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(
.
(Contraindications): ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
synd
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h (Precautions):
206
ຈ W
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.
.
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betablockers.
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ຈ ຈ
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(Dosage): -
ຈ
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.
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(
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(Adverse): ຈ ( S
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(Antihypertensive medicines) ຈ
(Management of hypertension) ຈ ຈ-
ຈ
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(
ຈ
ຈ
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(
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(
H
(
-
H
(
-
H
ຈ ຈ
H
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H mmHg.
ຈ ຈ ຈ
207
ຈ
(Drug treatment of hypertension) ຈ
h
beta-adrenoce C
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-
-
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h
h
h
(
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Th
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h
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Dh (
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N
h
( Th
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h
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(Hypertensive emergencies) ຈ ຈ
(Hypertension in pregnancy)
208
ຈ
(
H ຈ h
(
B
H
ACE
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(
(A -
(
-
atenolol 50 mg, 100 mg (Uses): ຈ ຈ
(
ຈ
(
(
(
(Contraindications): ຈ
( ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ h
(
ຈ
h
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217
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223
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226
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227
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228
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229
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230
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231
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232
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233
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234
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ຈ
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(Adminstrations): ຈ . (Adverse effects):
235
ຈ
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ALUMINIUM ACETATE
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236
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Propionibacterium acnes
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237
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238
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-
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ຈ
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(Precautions):
239
.
(Adminstrations): . (Adverse effects):
ຈ ຈ ຈ
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240
ຈ
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salicylic acid. (
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Podophyllum resin ຈ h h
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fluorouracil
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podophyllum resin 1025%. (Uses):
(Contraindications): ( (Precautions): . (Administration):
ຈ . (Adverse effecs):
241
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
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Salicylic acid -
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ຈ
Sarcoptes scabiei,
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B
ຈ Permethrin
242
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Pediculus humanus capitis
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.
(Administrations): -
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. .
(Adverse effects): . Permethrin -
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, permethrin 5%. (
permethrin 1%.
(Uses):
(Adverse effects): ( (Administrations):
243
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.
-
. (Adverse effects): .
Ultraviolet blocking agents
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ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ
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244
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245
(D antiseptics) (Disinfectants and antiseptics)
246
(Disinfectants and antiseptics) (ANTISEPTICS) ຈ
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I
Iodophore, polyvidoneiodine ( ຈ
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247
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chlorhexidine gluconate 5%.
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ຈ
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248
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.
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(
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chloroxylenol 5%.
(Uses):
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ຈ
(Administrations): -
(
-
ຈ
. ຈ
(
ຈ (Adverse effects):
249
.
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h
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(Uses):
(Precautions):
(Administrations): -
ຈ
(
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mycobacteria);
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ຈ ຈ
250
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(Adverse effects): (
ຈ
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-
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251
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252
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hydrochlorothiazide sodium
253
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(
(Contraindications):
254
ຈ
(
adrenocortical hormones (Addison disease). (Precautions): ຈ
(
(
(
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porphyrin. (Dosage): -
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255
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(
( (
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porphyrin. .
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(
256
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257
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258
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259
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(Precautions):
260
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261
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262
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302
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. (Dosage): -
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303
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. (Precautions): (
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304
(Insulin) ຈ ( ຈ (
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305
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306
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(Adverses):
Insulin zinc suspension
-
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insulin zinc (mixed) 40 units/ml, 10ml vial; 100 units/ml, 10ml vial.
(Uses): . (Contrainidications):
307
(Precautions: ( (
(Dosage):
(Adverse effects):
Isophane insulin
-
(
isophane insulin 40 units/ml, 10ml vial; 100 units/ml, 10ml vial
(Uses): . (Contraindications):
(Precautions): ( (
(Dosage):
(Adverse effects):
(Oral antidiabetic drugs) ( ຈ sulfonylureas
biguanide , metformin.
308
S
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309
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ຈ
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310
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311
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h (Propylthiouracil)
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312
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313
314
ຈ
(Immunologicals) (Diagnostic agents) (Sera and immunoglobulins)
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(Antivenom sera) ຈ
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315
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316
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317
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318
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(Diphtheria antitoxin) (Diphtheria antitoxin)
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319
(
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320
(
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(Antivenom sera) (
(spider antivenom serum).
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.
(Adverse effects): ຈ
321
.
ຈ
(Vaccines) ( ຈ
(
(
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(tetanus vaccine)). ຈ
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epinephrine (adrena ( (
h
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322
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323
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h
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(
(scabies)
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.
(Dosage):
(intradermal injection) , ml;
ml.
(Adverse effects): ( ( ຈ
h
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(Diphtheria, pertussis and tetanus vaccines) (DIPHTHERIA)
324
(Corynebacterium
diphtheriae)
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(B pertussis) ຈ
ຈ ຈ
-
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( ຈ
( ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ (TETANUS)
tetani)
ຈ ຈ
(tetanus-prone wounds)
325
(Clostridium
ຈ ຈ ຈ ຈ ຈ
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(Uses):
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(Precautions):
326
(Dosage):
,
(
.
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h
h
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Diphtheria and tetanus vaccine (DT) (for
children under 10 years) (DT N
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. (Contraindications): ( (Precautions): . (Dosage):
, (
.
, DPT(
DT (
.
(Adverse effects): ຈ
327
(
(
Tetanus and diphtheria
vaccine (Td) (For adults, adolescents and children over 10 years)
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N
. (
(Uses): (
.
(Contraindicatoins): (
.
(Precautions): . (Dosage): , . , . (Adverse effects): ຈ
(Tetanus vaccine)
No. 800, 1990.
-
. (Uses): (
.
(Contraindications): . (Precautions): . ຈ
328
(Dosage): ຈ , . , . -
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,
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19.2.2). (Adverse effects): ຈ
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B
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B ຈ
ຈ ຈ ຈ (h ຈ
h (HbsAg-positive = hepatitis B virus surface antigen
posit
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ຈ h
ຈ
(P
-
B (
(A
329
DNA
(Hepatitis B vaccine)
No. 858, 1995.
-
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(
h
B
. (Uses):
(Contraindications):
(Precautions):
(Dosage): -
(S h
,
A
ml
(Scheme B)
(
.
, ml. ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
( (
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. (Adverse effects): ຈ
ຈ ຈ
.
(Measles vaccines) ຈ
ຈ
330
(
(
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ຈ
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N
N
1994 ( (Uses):
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(gelatin).
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.
(Dosage): -
, (
.
ml.
(Adverse effects): ຈ ຈ
h
. (
(Measles, mumps and rubella vaccine
(MMR vaccine))
331
N
No. 848,
1994.
-
. (Uses): . (Contraindications): ( ຈ
.
(Precautions): ຈ-
(
: ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ ຈ ຈ
,
ml ,
.
-
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ຈ
ຈ (
h
ຈ
(idiopathic
thrombocyto- penic purpura) (Poliomyelitis vaccines) ຈ (
(Oral poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV (OPV ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(HIV (immuno ຈ
ຈ ຈ
332
ຈ
(Inactivated
(IPV
(
(
(Poliomyelitis vaccine (OPV)
(live attenuated)) (OPV No. 800, 1990.
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. (Uses): . (Contraindications): ຈ
ຈ
. (Precautions): ( (Dosage): ຈ
.
-
, (
.
-
, ຈ
.
-
, .
-
, ຈ . (Adverse effects): ຈ (
.
(Poliomyelitis vaccine (IPV) (inactivated)) (IPV N
-
No. 745, 1987. . (Uses) ຈ ( (Contraindications): .
333
(Precautions): . (Dosage): ຈ -
, .
ຈ
(
,
. -
, , ຈ . (Adverse effects): . (Vaccines for specific groups of individuals) ຈ
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.
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H
N
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ຈ ຈ ( h
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ຈ (split-virion va
ຈ (surface-
antigen vaccine). ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
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No. 814, 1991. (Uses): ຈ
334
.
(Contraindications): ( h ຈ . (Precautions):
(Dosage): ຈ
. (
, ຈ ຈ . (Adverse effects): ຈ . (Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine) (Meningococcal polysaccharide vaccine)
(serogroups A and C of Neisseria
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335
C
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.(
ຈ (Adverse effects): . (Mumps vaccine) (Mumps vaccine) (
(MMR (Mumps vaccine)
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N
N
.
(
. (Uses): . (Contraindications): (
ຈ
ຈ
.
(Precautions): ຈ
.
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. ,
ml. (Adverse effects): ( (encephalitis). (Rabies vaccine) (inactivated) ຈ (ຈ ຈ
.
(passive immunization) (R
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336
(
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.
(Rubella vaccine)
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( ຈ ຈ ຈ
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337
(
N N
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.
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. (Uses): ຈ
.
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.
: (Dosage): ຈ
.
ຈ ,
.
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h
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h
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N
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.
(Salmonella typhi (T
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typhoid). (Uses): (active immunization against typhoid). (Contraindication): . (Precautions): . (Dosage):
338
ຈ -
.
, ( .
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,
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. . (Adverse effects): . (Yellow fever vaccine)
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. (Uses): . (Contraindications): ຈ
.
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:
. (Dosage): ຈ -
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.
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339
( Muscle relaxants (peripherally acting) and cholinesterase inhibitors Muscle relaxants (Cholinesterase inhibitors)
340
Muscle relaxants suxamethonium alcuronium,
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h
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.
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ຈ
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15
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341
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( Uses): myasthenia gravis. (Contraindications): ;
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. (Precautions): as h (
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hyperthy-
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;
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,
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nyst
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,
ຈ (bromide salt).
342
(Ophthalmological preparation) 21.1
(Anti-infective drugs) (A
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(Local anaesthetics) (A (Miotics) 21.4.2 Betablockers (Sympathomimetics) (Carbonic anhydrase) C
343
ຈ ຈ
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. ຈ
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(Anti-infective drugs) ຈ ຈ
staphyloຈ
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Pseudo -
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Idoxuridine
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Silver nitrate
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gonorrhoea
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C. trachomatis .
Gentamicin
-
G
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.
gentamicin (as sulfate) 0.3%. (Uses): ຈ
(
344
-
.
N.
(Contraindications): aminoglycoside. (Precautions): ຈ ຈ (Administrations):
.
,
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
.
ຈ
ຈ
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(Advrese effects): . Idoxuridine I
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. idoxuridine 0.1%. idoxuridine 0.2%.
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ຈ
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.
Silver nitrate -
silver nitrate 1% (Uses): (
Neisseria gonorrhoea
hh
. (Precautions): (Administrations):
(Adverse effects): .
345
Tetracycline hydrochloride T
-
ຈ
.
tetracycline hydrochloride 1%. (Uses):
Neisseria gonorrhoea
(
Chlamydia trachomatis.
hh
(Contraindications): (Precautions): . (Administrations): -
,
ຈ
-
ຈ
,
.
. ຈ
,
. (Adverse effects): .
(A -inflammatory drugs) ຈ
ຈ ( h ຈ
ຈ C
prednisolone ຈ ຈ (
ຈ
ຈ
Prednisolone sodium phosphate
-
P
. , prednisolone sodium phosphate 0.5%.
(Uses): ( (
.
(Contraindications): (Precautions): . (Administrations):
346
. (Adverse effects): ( ຈ
.
(Local anaesthetics) Tetracaine
Tetracaine hydrochloride Amethocaine T
-
Various drugs can serve as alternatives. tetracaine hydrochloride 0.5%.
(Uses): . (Contraindications_: (Precuations): ( ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(Administrations): (Adverse effects):
(A ຈ ຈ ( h ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
h ຈ
( h
Timolol
ຈ
h
h
betablocker ຈ
h
hh
347
h
pilocarpine h
h
h
P ຈ
epinephrine (
ຈ E
h
h
h
h Acetazolamide
h
ຈ
A ຈ
(Miotics) Pilocarpine P
.
,
, pilocarpine hydrochloride 2%, 4%; pilocarpine nitrate 2%, 4%.
(Uses):
(Contraindications): ( . (Precautions): ຈ ຈ (P ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(Administrations): -
1
(
-
( ຈ
ຈ
.
(Adverse effects): ຈ
ຈ ຈ
21.4.2 Betablockers Timolol
-
T
. ,
, timolol (as maleate) 0.25%, 0.5%.
348
(Uses): (Contraindications): ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ. (Precautions): ( :
.
(Administrations): h (0.25% (Adverse effects): ຈ
transient dryness,
ຈ
.
21.4.3
(Sympathomimetics)
Epinephrine (adrenaline) E
h h
(
h
h
.
(Uses): (
ຈ
(
(Contraindications): (Precautions): ຈ
ຈ
ຈ .
(Administration): ( (Adverse effects): ຈ
h
ຈ
ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
.
(Carbonic anhydrase) Acetazolamide
-
,
. (Uses): .
(Contraindications): ( ( (Precautions):
349
.
.
(
( :
. ຈ (Dosage): . (Adverse effects): ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
S
J h
ຈ
.
C ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
h
h
(
( ຈ
ຈ
Atropine . Atropine sulfate
-
atropine sulfate 0.1%, 0.5%, 1%. (Uses): (
h
h
(
(
.
(Contraindications): . (Precautions): ຈ
. ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ .
(Administrations): -
( (
(
(
(
( .
-
( . (Adverse effects):
350
ຈ
(
(Drugs used in obstetrics) (Drugs used in obstetrics)
351
(Drugs used in obstetrics)
POSTPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE ຈ ຈ ຈ
PREMATURE LABOUR
ຈ
(ECLAMPSIA AND PREECLAMPSIA) ຈ
ຈ
( -
(
ຈ
ຈ
(
(Ergometrine maleate) (
. -
.
-
(
(Uses): . (Contraindications): ຈ ຈ . (Precautions):
352
ຈ
(
(
. (Dosage): -
-
(Adverse effects): ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(
-
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
.
(Magnesium sulfate) (
. (Uses): preeclampsia. (Precautions): (A
(A : Appendix 1.
(Dosage): -
eclamp
ຈ .
-
. ( (Adverse effects): ( ຈ
ຈ .
(Oxytocin) -
(
. (Uses): . (Contraindications): . preeclampຈ
.
(Precautions):
353
c
h
( ຈ ( (
ຈ
ຈ
( . (Dosage): ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
.
NOTE..
( ຈ
WHO) .
ຈ (
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
. ຈ
ຈ
-
ຈ
ຈ ( (
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(Adverse effects): ( ຈ
(h
ຈ
ຈ ຈ (Salbutamol) .
-
( (
(
.
(Uses): (Contraindications):
354
(
ຈ eclam ຈ
ຈ .
(Precautions): ຈ
ຈ .
(Dosage): ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ -
ຈ
ຈ
-
(
. (Adverse effects): ຈ ຈ
ຈ .
355
ຈ
P
( ຈ (Psychotherapeutic Drugs)
24.1
ຈ
ຈ (Drugs used in
psychotic disorders) (Drugs used in mood disorders) (Drugs used in depressive disorders) Drugs used in bipolar disorders Drugs used in anxiety and sleep disorders Obsessive-compulsive disorders and panick attacks
356
24.1
ຈ
ຈ Drugs used in psychotic disorder
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
Phenothiazines ( Chlorpromazine ), Butyrophenones ( haloperidol ), Thioxanthenes ( flupen done.
Ch
Haloperidol ຈ
H ຈ ຈ h
ຈ
-
-
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
H Maintenance therapy ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
schizophrenia
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
h ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ (psychomotor) (
ຈ
ຈ
hypnosis
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
.
( extrapy ຈ h
h
h
h
ຈ
h
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
357
h ( anticholiner
h ຈ
(
ຈ
.
(A h
(extrapy -rimidal) (
(
dyston
(
ຈ
( (tardive diskinesia) ຈ
ຈ
h
( Tardive diskinesia ຈ
ຈ
T
ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ ຈ(
Neuroleptic malignant syndromes ) (
= hypothermia,
auto nomic dysfunction with pallor,
ຈ
h h
h
ຈ ( dantrolene.
Chlorpromazine hydrochloride Ch
ຈ
Chlorproຈ -
h
(
HCL h
HCL ch
ຈ HCL
ຈ
(Uses):
358
ຈ
h
h
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ( psychomotor agitatio
(Contraindications): phaeochromo cytoma. (Precautions): ຈ
ຈ ( . ( ຈ
(hypothyroi-dism
(prostatic hyperthro-phy (
-
(
h
(
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ (Dosage): -
ຈ
h
h
ຈ
ຈ ຈ(
h
( (
ຈ -
(
( (
ຈ
h
h
-
-
(
-
(
(
-
(mcg)/kg ( -
-
(
. (Adverse effects): tardive
(
(
(
h ຈ
(
EEG
h
ຈ
ECG
ຈ
ຈ (
h
( gynaeco ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
(
h
-
359
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(
Haloperidol Haloperi
ຈ
.
ຈ -
, haloperidol 2 mg, 5 mg.
-
(
h
.
(Uses): ຈ
shizophr
ຈ
ຈ ຈ(
h
(Contraindications) h (
h -
h (Precautions) ຈ
ຈ ( ( ຈ (
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ (Dosage): -
h
h
ຈ ຈ(psychomotor agita tion) -
ຈ
(
-
-
(
-
h
h -
(
( -
ຈ
(
ຈ
-
ຈ
. (Adverse effects): Chlorpheniramine Hydrochloride( h ,
ຈ
(
ຈ
360
ຈ
(akathisia,
ຈ
(thyro toxic
ຈ
Fluphenazine F
h
ຈ
(
-
-
h
(
.
fluphenazine enantate 25
.
(Uses): ຈ
h
h
ຈ
(Contraindications): - son, ຈ
ຈ
phaeochromocytoma.
(Precautions): ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ (
( ຈ
( hypothyroi-
h (
( prostatic hyperthro(
h
-
(
ຈ
ຈ (Dosage): h
h
ຈ (
ຈ
-
-
-
ຈ
(Administrations) : (Adverse effects): Ch
h
H
h
( h
(
-
ຈ ຈ(
ຈ h
ຈ (Drugs used in mood disorders)
361
ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
ຈ
(manic depression
ຈ 24.2.1 (Drugs used in depressive disorders) ຈ ( selective serotonin reuptake inhibi tor= SSRIs)
ຈ
ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
ຈ (
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
-
-
( ຈ
ຈ
( L h
(
ຈ
(
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
amitriptyline
ຈ ຈ
ຈ h (
h
ຈຈ
( ຈ
ຈ
ຈ SSRI ( ຈ
ຈ h
(
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
SSRI ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
SSRI Amitriptyline hydrochloride
362
-
A
h
h
A
h
h
ຈ
ຈ
.
(Uses): . (Contraindications): ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ(
ຈ
porphyrin. (Precautions): ຈ( h ຈ (
ຈ
h
ຈ
ຈ
(
( angle-closure glauco
h
( (
ຈ
ຈ (Dosage): (
-
ຈ
-
(Adverse effects): ( ຈ ECG
ຈ
ຈ (
ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ (
ຈ
ຈ
(
h
( ( gynaecomastia and galac
h
ຈ (agran
-
ຈ
( leuko (
ຈ
ຈ
h
ຈ
(eosiniph
(thrombocytopenia);
( hypo
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ (
h (
(h
( ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
363
24.2.2
(Drugs used in bipolar disorders) L h ຈ
(f ຈ
ຈ (
h
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
B
h
ຈ
ຈ
Li h
ຈ lithium
ຈ
ຈ
h
antipsy- chotics
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
h
ຈ (
-
h
h
h Sodium valproate
carbamazepine
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
h
ຈ h
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
h ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ ຈ
-
h
ຈ
ຈ h
ຈ
ຈ
h h ຈ
-
(
ຈ h ( (
(
h
( ຈ
h
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ (
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ haemodialysis). h
ຈ ຈ
Lithium carbonate:
364
(
-
L h
.
(Uses): ຈ (Contraindications): ຈ( ຈ
ຈ
adrenocortical hormones.
( Addison's disease). (Precautions): h ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
(h
h
( (
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
( (
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
,
(Dosage): -
ຈ ( -
(
-9
-
.
ຈ
( ຈ
. -
ຈ
-
(
-
h ຈ
ຈ h
-
( -
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(Adverse effects): ( polydipsia),
( (
365
ຈ
(h
h ( ( (
h
( coarse tremor),
( dysarthria ) ຈ
(
ຈ
(
h
ຈ ຈ
ECG
Carbamazepine
-
c
(Uses): h (
ຈ
(
.
(Contraindications): ຈ
( atrioventricula
h (Precautions): ຈ(
(
(
ຈ ຈ
ຈ (
ຈ ຈ
(Dosage): ຈ
ຈ
-
(Adverse effects): ( (
(
(
( ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ (cholestetic jaundice),
366
( (
ຈ ຈ (h
(S
ຈ
ຈ
(
-J h
ຈ
ຈ
(
h
( h
ຈ
ຈ
(
h (
(
h
ຈ ຈ (
Sodium valproate (
ຈ
(
ຈ
porphyrin.
ຈ
(
ຈ ( severe
ຈ
(
mental retardation ). h
ຈ (
h
ຈ
( ຈ ຈ
ຈ
367
ຈ
(
(Adverse effects):
(ຈ
h (
-
ຈ (
amylase
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(panc
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
Fanconi
ຈ ຈ ຈ
S
(
ຈ ຈ
-J h
h
(gynaecom (dementia),
ຈ
ຈ
(
(
(h
24.3 Drugs used in anxiety and sleep disorders ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
-
ຈ
( ຈ
ຈ
ຈ .
ຈ ຈ ຈ ຈ toxic h
benzodiazepine -
ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
368
Diazepam ຈ D
(
ຈ
(Uses): (status epilep-
(
( ( (Contraindications: ຈ ( porphyrin;
ຈ
-
,
ຈ
-
( -
(Adverse effects): ( (
ຈຈ ( ຈ
(
(
( h
( incontinence);
Obsessive-compulsive disorders and panick attacks ຈ ຈ (Obssessive Compulsive Disorder Panic Attacks) ຈ ຈ
C
Serotonine.
369
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ( ຈ
ຈ
C
SSRI (
ຈ
B
ຈ
ຈ
Clomipramine hydrochloride clomipramine h
h
(Uses): ຈ (Contraindications): infarct myocardial in
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
porphyrin. (Precautions): ຈ( h
h
ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ (
h
( ຈ
-
(
(
ຈ
ຈ (Dosage): ຈ
,
(
(Adverse effects): ( ຈ
ECG
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
( ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(interference with sexual fu
ຈ
( agranulo-
h
(
h
(
370
(recent
ຈ Drugs acting on the respiratory tract (Antiasthmatic drugs)
371
(Antiasthmatic drugs) (Asthma) ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ ຈ ( (INHALATION) ( ຈ
ຈ ຈ ຈ
(a
(
(
h ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(actuated devices including dry powder inhalers).
- Solutions for nebulization -
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
(ORAL) beta2 agonists, corticostetheophylline. (PARENTERAL)
ຈ
372
(PREGNANCY) ຈ
ຈຈ (Acute exacerbation of asthma)
ຈ (
ຈ
ຈ (
(
ຈ
ຈ
S
ຈ
ຈ
T
S
ຈ
-
( prednisolone
-
corticosteroid
-
h
(
ຈ ipratropium
h
beta2
beta2 ຈ
h
h
h
beta2 (
ຈ
epinephrine (adrenaline
ຈ ຈ
(
h
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ corticosteroid ຈ
inhaled shortacting
beclometasone dipropionate
h
MDI
beta2-
agonist
ຈ
beclometasone
ipratropium
373
prednisolone beta2 h
h beta2 agonist
ຈ corticosteroid
inhaled shortacting
beclometasone ຈ
h
dipropionate MDI 400-800
beta2-
agonist
ຈ
ipratropium prednisolone beta2 theophylline beta2 agonist ຈ corticosteroid
inhaled shortacting
beclometasone dipropionate,
h
beta2-
agonist (
MDI
-
ຈ ipratropium
ຈ inhaled shortacting h
beta2-
agonist ຈ ipratropium
(Step down)
(Step up)
ຈ ຈ
374
corticosteroid , beclometasone
beta2 agonist
ຈ
dipropionate ຈ L
acting
bronchodilator: beta2 agonist modified release theophylline beta2 agonist
corticosteroid
corticosteroid,
beta2 agonist
beclometasone
ຈ
-
diproprionate 0.8 2 ຈ beta2agonist, modifiedrelease h
h
beta2
corticosteroid , beclometasone ຈ
beta2 agonist
ຈ
-
dipropionate 100400 sodium cromoglicate modifiedrelease theophylline ຈ beta2 agonist
375
ຈ
(
beta2
sodium
(Step down)
(Step up) ຈ ຈ
(Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) (
(E
beta2 adrenoceptor agonist ຈ
ຈ
anticholinergic (antimuscarinic)
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
h
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
corticosteroid
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
Beta2 adrenoceptor agonists (beta2 adrenoceptor stimulants) beta2 . beta2 (
salbutamol
-
(
fenoterol.
ຈ
ຈ
S
S
(ADVERSE EFFECTS) S ຈ
(
ຈ(
h h
ຈ
ຈ
h h
(
h
h
h
beta2 adreno-
h
ຈ Xanthines X
h
h ຈ
ຈ
Th
h
ຈ
(
ຈ h
376
h
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
(
-
ຈ
ຈ
Th
h
ຈ ຈ Th
ຈ
h
beta2 beta2
(
ຈ
h ຈ
h ຈ
(
h
h
Th
h
h
ethylenedia
h
h
Corticosteroids (INHALED CORTICOSTEROIDS) C
B ຈ
beta2 ຈ
C
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ co ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ corticosteroids (SYSTEMIC CORTICOSTEROIDS) corticosteroids
( ຈ
(
h
―
‖ ຈ co
377
ຈຈ
Sodium cromoglicate S
ຈ Sodium
cromoglicate
ຈ S
ຈ S
A
h
(
(bronchodilators)
I
beta2
ຈ
I Salbutamol S
beta2
- Salbutamol ( sulfate) - Salbutamol (sulfate) - Salbutamol (sulfate)
(
- Salbutamol (sulfate)
(
metered inhalation
- Salbutamol (sulfate) (Uses): ຈ
(
(
(Contraindications): ຈ ຈ QT
ຈ
ຈ
( (
( ketoacidosis);
378
(Dosage): -
(
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
ຈ
-
ຈ
(-
(Puff));
(
(
ຈ -
( (
ຈ
-
(
(
-
(
-
(-
-
ຈ
(
-
ຈ ( ຈ
ຈ
(Adverse effects): ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(
ຈ
(
ຈ
ຈ ຈ Beclometasone dipropionate B
-
(
B
h h
(
(Uses): ຈ
379
shortacting beta2
(
(Contraindication): ຈ ຈ
ຈ
(Dosage): -
( -
(
-
-
-
-
( ຈ Adverse effects: ( ຈ ( -ຈ
(
(
Candidosis. Th A
h
ຈ A
h
h h
theophylline.
- Theophylline - Theophylline - Aminophylline
beta2
(Modifiedrelease tablets) (
(Uses):
380
(Contraindications): ຈ
h
h
(
h
(Precautions): ຈ
ຈ
(
(
(
ຈ ( (Dosage): -
(
-
-
-
-
modifiedrelease tablets (ADULT) h (
h
-
-
(
(
h
h
( h ຈ
h
h h
(
h
h h
h
(Adverse effects): ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
-
ຈ
h
h Sodium cromoglicate
-
S
381
-
S
Aerosol inhalation (P
-
h
metered inhalation (Uses):
ຈ (Precautions: (
(
( (Dosage): ຈ -
(Adverse effects):
Ipratropium bromide
-
(P
h
metered dose
(Uses):
(Precautions): ຈ
(
(Dosage):
382
-
-
(Adverse effects): ຈ
383
S (
384
Vitamins and minerals (Vitamins) (Minerals)
385
(Vitamins)
ຈ ຈ (
(
(
Retinol ( (xerophth
( ຈ
ຈ ຈ
( ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ( ຈ Thiamine ( ຈ (
(beriber
ຈ (
ຈ
ຈ
h
W
hຈ ຈ
(d
K
h CNS
Th (
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
R
(
B2 ຈ
(C
H
pel ຈ
h
(
niacin).
Pyridoxine (
ຈ ( (h
386
NO S ຈ
ຈ
(sideroblastic anaemia).
Nicotinic
h (h
N
nicotinamide
(
N
Hydroxocobalamin ຈ
( Folic
ຈ
DNA ( F
(
microgr
ຈ
ຈ
(
Ascorbic (
ຈ
ergocalciferol ( colecalciferol (
coleca
(
h
h
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
Ascorbic Vitamin C mg (Uses):
387
ຈ
(
(Dosage): -
(Adverse effects): ຈ Ergocalciferol
E
-
, ergocal
(
-
(
-
(
ml) ergocalcif
ຈ
-
(
calcium lactate 300 mg, calcium
phosphate 150 mg. (Dosage):
ຈ
ຈ
(hypocalcaemia of hypopara-
thyroidism) (Contraindications): (h
ຈ
(metastatic calcification) (Precautions):
ຈ
388
(
(Dosage): -
(
-
ຈ
(
ຈ
(
.
-
ຈ
hypoparathyroidism)
ຈ
(hypocalcaemia of
(
(
.
(Adverse effects):
(
ຈ ຈ
Nicotinamide N
-
, nicotinamide 50 mg. (Uses): ຈ
ຈ
h
(Dosage): ຈ mg
ຈ
h .
Pyridoxine hydrochloride
-
, pyridoxine hydrochloride 25 mg (Uses):
389
niacin.
.
(Precautions): . (Dosage): -
.
-
ຈ
-
Isoniazid,
mg.
Isoniazid,
.
-
. (Adverse effects): ຈ
Retinol
-
(
-
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397
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399
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Chloroquine
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Isoniazid
hydroxide; Magnesium hydroxide) Antacids (Aluminium
Ofloxacin
404
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h
hydroxide; Magnesium hydroxide) Antacids (Aluminium
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405
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(
AV (AV
406
ຈ
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Amitriptyline
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ຈ ຈ
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409
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411
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412
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*
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Fluconazole
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Fluconazole
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Contraceptives, Oral
Fluconazole
Glibenclamide
Fluconazole
Hydrochlorothiazide
*
Fluconazole
Phenytoin
*
Fluconazole
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h
( *
Fluconazole
Ritonavir
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Theophylline
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h
ຈ *
Fluconazole
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Fluconazole
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*
Fluphenazine
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Fluphenazine
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*
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Fluphenazine
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Furosemide
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Furosemide
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Furosemide
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h hydrochlorothiazide
Furosemide
Metformin
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433
Furosemide
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* *
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ຈ ຈ
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*
neostigmine pyridostigmine
( tremor) *
*
Glibenclamide
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Fluconazole
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ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ
434
*
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Glibenclamide
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Glibenclamide
Sulfadiazine
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Sulfadoxine + Pyrimethamine
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Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim
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Testosterone ຈ
Glibenclamide
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*
Glibenclamide
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Glyceryl trinitrate
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Contraceptives, Oral
Glyceryl trinitrate
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435
ຈ
Glyceryl trinitrate
Diazepam
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Glyceryl trinitrate
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Glyceryl trinitrate
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Glyceryl trinitrate
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Glyceryl trinitrate
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Sodium nitroprusside
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Glyceryl trinitrate
Spironolactone
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Verapamil Ciclosporin ຈ
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Contraceptives, Oral
*
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*
Griseofulvin
Norethisterone
medroxyprogesteron h
(
436
h *
Griseofulvin
Phenobarbital
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( *
Haloperidol
Alcohol
Haloperidol
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( *
Haloperidol
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Haloperidol
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Codeine
Haloperidol
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*
Haloperidol
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ຈ
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Haloperidol
Ethosuximide
(
*
Haloperidol
Halothane
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Haloperidol
Isoprenaline
Haloperidol
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Haloperidol
Levodopa
Haloperidol
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*
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ຈ levodopa ຈ
Haloperidol
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Haloperidol
Metoclopramide
extrapyramidal effects
Haloperidol
Morphine
Haloperidol
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ຈ
*
Haloperidol
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Haloperidol
Phenobarbital
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( *
Haloperidol
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ຈ
*
Haloperidol
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437
*
Haloperidol
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Haloperidol
Valproic acid
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*
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Haloperidol
Verapamil
ຈ
Halothane
Acetazolamide
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Halothane
Alcuronium
Halothane
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Amitriptyline
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Chlorpromazine
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Halothane
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Halothane
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Halothane
Ergometrine
alcuro ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ R (parturient uterus)
*
*
* *
Halothane
Fluphenazine
ຈ
Halothane
Furosemide
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Halothane
Glyceryl trinitrate
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Halothane
Haloperidol
ຈ
Halothane
Hydralazine
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Hydrochlorothiazide
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Isoniazid
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Isoprenaline
Halothane
Isosorbide dinitrate
Halothane
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Methyldopa
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Halothane
Nifedipine
ຈ
Halothane
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ຈ ຈ ຈ ຈ
ຈ ຈ ຈ
*
Halothane
Propranolol
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Halothane
Sodium nitroprusside
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Halothane
Spironolactone
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Halothane
Theophylline
Halothane
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Halothane
Vancomycin
Halothane
Verapamil
ຈ ຈ ຈ ຈ
438
ຈ
AV *
*
Heparin
Acetylsalicylic acid
Heparin
Enalapril
Heparin
Ibuprofen
Hydralazine
Acetazolamide
ຈ
Hydralazine
Alcohol
ຈ
Hydralazine
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Hydralazine
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Hydralazine
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ຈ
Hydralazine
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Hydralazine
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Hydralazine
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Hydralazine
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Hydralazine
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Hydralazine
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Hydralazine
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ຈ
Hydralazine
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Hydrochlorothiazide
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Alcohol
Hydrochlorothiazide
Amitriptyline
Hydrochlorothiazide
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ຈ electrolyte
439
*
Hydrochlorothiazide
Atenolol
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Hydrochlorothiazide
Calcium salts
Hydrochlorothiazide
Carbamazepine
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Hydrochlorothiazide
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hydrochlorothiazide Hydrochlorothiazide
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440
*
Hydrochlorothiazide
Prednisolone
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Hydrocortisone
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Hydrocortisone
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h
hydrocortisone Hydrocortisone
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441
ຈ
hydrocortisone Hydrocortisone
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N
h
h *
Hydrocortisone
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Hydrocortisone
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ຈ ຈ
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Ibuprofen
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( h
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Ibuprofen
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Immunoglobulin, AntiD
Vaccine, Live
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Indinavir
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Indinavir
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Indinavir
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Indinavir
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Insulins
Alcohol
Insulins
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(tremor) Insulins
Contraceptives, Oral
Insulins
Dexamethasone
Insulins
Enalapril
Insulins
Furosemide
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Hydrochlorothiazide
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Hydrocortisone
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Levonorgestrel
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Medroxyprogesterone
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Nifedipine
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Norethisterone
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Prednisolone
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Propranolol
ຈ
ຈ
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(tremor) Insulins
Testosterone
Insulins
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(tremor) Isoniazid
Antacids (Aluminium
444
hydroxide; Magnesium hydroxide) *
Isoniazid
Carbamazepine ( ຈ
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Isoniazid
Diazepam
Isoniazid
Ether, Anaesthetic
Isoniazid
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Isoniazid
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Isoprenaline
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Haloperidol
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Clonazepam
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Contraceptives, Oral
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Dexamethasone
Isosorbide dinitrate
Diazepam
Isosorbide dinitrate
Enalapril
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Ether, Anaesthetic
Isosorbide dinitrate
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445
ຈ
*
*
*
Isosorbide dinitrate
Furosemide
Isosorbide dinitrate
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Isosorbide dinitrate
Hydralazine
Isosorbide dinitrate
Hydrochlorothiazide
Isosorbide dinitrate
Hydrocortisone
Isosorbide dinitrate
Ibuprofen
Isosorbide dinitrate
Ketamine
Isosorbide dinitrate
Levodopa
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464
h
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Poliomyelitis, oral vaccine . Polygeline
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465
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466
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Propranolol
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468
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Propranolol
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Propranolol
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Propranolol
Fluphenazine
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Furosemide
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469
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474
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475
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Ether, Anaesthetic
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Timolol
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Verapamil
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Valproic acid
476
Soluble insulin
Insulins
Spironolactone
Acetylsalicylic acid
Spironolactone
Alcohol
Spironolactone
Amitriptyline
Spironolactone
Artemether + Lumefantrine
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Spironolactone
Carbamazepine
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*
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477
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Streptomycin
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Streptomycin
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478
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Pyrimethamine *
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479
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480
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Ritonavir
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Salbutamol
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Tobacco
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Vaccine, Influenza
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ຈ ຈ
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ຈ ຈ
compounds Phenobarbital
ຈ
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Phenoxymethylpenicillin Phenytoin
ຈ ຈ
503
ຈ ຈ
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Polyvidone–iodine
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Praziquantel
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h
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ຈ
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Propranolol Propylthiouracil
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504
Tamoxifen
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Testosterone
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Theophylline
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A
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506
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Amoxicillin +
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Azathioprine
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benzylpenicillin Benzylpenicillin Bleomycin
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Carbamazepine Ceftazidime
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Chlorphenamine
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Chlorpromazine
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Ciprofloxacin
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Cisplatin
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Clindamycin
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Clonazepam
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Cloxacillin
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Codeine
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507
Colchicine
ຈ ຈ
Cyclophosphamide
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Dacarbazine
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Daunorubicin
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Diazepam
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Fluphenazine
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Heparin Hydralazine
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Hydrochlorothiazide
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508
Imipenem + Cilastatin
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Insulin
ຈ ຈ
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Isoniazid Lamivudine
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ຈ
ຈ
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ຈ Magnesium hydroxide
ຈ
Magnesium sulfate
ຈ
Mannitol
ຈ (Avoid unless test dose produces diuretic response)
Meglumine antimoniate
Pentavalent antimony compounds
Meglumine iotroxate
ຈ
Mercaptopurine
ຈ
Metformin
ຈ
Methotrexate
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Penicillamine Pentamidine
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Procainamide
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509
Procaine
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benzylpenicillin Procarbazine
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Pyridostigmine
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ຈ
carbonate Sodium nitroprusside Sodium valproate
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see Valproic acid
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+
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kg)
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kg)
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creatinine cl h
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Valproic acid
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Vancomycin
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510
Warfarin
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halflif
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h
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511
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Abacavir
ຈ
Acetylsalicylic acid
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Alcuronium Allopurinol
ຈ
ຈ ຈ
Aluminium hydroxide
ຈ
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ຈ
ຈ Aminophylline
(
precipitate coma)
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Amitriptyline Amodiaquine
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Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid ຈ
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Azathioprine
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Azithromycin
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Chloramphenicol
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Chlorpromazine
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Ciprofloxacin Clindamycin
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Clomifene
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Clomipramine
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512
Clonazepam
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Cloxacillin
ຈ ຈ
Codeine
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Contraceptives, oral
ຈ
Cyclophosphamide
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Cytarabine
ຈ
-
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Dacarbazine Daunorubicin
ຈ ຈ
Diazepam Didanosine
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Doxorubicin
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Doxycycline
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bilirubin (
Efavirenz
ຈ
Enalapril
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Ergometrine
ຈ
Ergotamine
ຈ
Erythromycin
ຈ
ຈ — ຈ
Ether, anaesthetic
ຈ
Ethinylestradiol
ຈ
Etoposide
ຈ
( idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity)
Fluconazole Fluorouracil
ຈ
Fluphenazine Furosemide
(ຈ
Glibenclamide ຈ Griseofulvin
ຈ
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Haloperidol Halothane
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Heparin
ຈ
Hydralazine
ຈ
Hydrochlorothiazide
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h
ຈ
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Ibuprofen ຈ Indinavir
ຈ
Iopanoic acid
ຈ
Isoniazid
ຈ
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513
Levonorgestrel
ຈ
Lidocaine
ຈ
Lopinavir + Ritonavir
ຈ
(
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
ຈ ຈ Magnesium hydroxide
ຈ
Magnesium sulfate
ຈ
Medroxyprogesterone
ຈ
Mefloquine
ຈ
Meglumine antimoniate
Pentavalent antimony
Mercaptopurine Metformin
ຈ ຈ
ຈ
Methotrexate
—ຈ (
Methyldopa
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Metoclopramide
active.
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Metronidazole Morphine
ຈ
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—
Nalidixic acid Nelfinavir Nevirapine
— ຈ
ຈ .5.2.2
Nifedipine
ຈ
Nitrofurantoin Norethisterone
ຈ
Ofloxacin
ຈ
Paracetamol
ຈ
Pentavalent antimony compounds Phenobarbital Phenytoin
ຈ ຈ
Prednisolone Procainamide
ຈ
Procarbazine
ຈ
Promethazine
ຈ
Propranolol
ຈ
Propylthiouracil
ຈ
Pyrazinamide
ຈ
Ranitidine
-ຈ —
ຈ
( ຈ
514
h
Rifampicin
ຈ
Ritonavir
ຈ
Lopinavir + Ritonavir
Saquinavir
ຈ
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Sodium nitroprusside
ຈ
Sodium valproate Sulfadiazine
Valproic acid ຈ
Sulfamethoxazole + Trimethoprim Suxamethonium
ຈ
(P
ຈ
ຈ ( h Testosterone
ຈ
Theophylline
ຈ
Thiopental
ຈ
Valproic acid
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
ຈ
( Verapamil
ຈ
Vinblastine
ຈ
ຈ
Vincristine
ຈ
ຈ
Warfarin
ຈ (
Zidovudine
h ຈ
515
saquin
516
