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CHAPTER 1--INVITATION TO BIOLOGY
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Question Recent expeditions into New Guinea found Answer
dozens of new species of animals. plants that had plate-sized flowers. a bird that was thought to be extinct. New Guinea has a history of several billion years. all of these. Add Question Here
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Question The logical scientific method for studying nature includes all of the following EXCEPT: Answer
observing nature developing explanations testing the explanations genetically engineering test subjects Add Question Here
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Question Which is the smallest unit of life that can exist as a separate entity? Answer
a cell a molecule an organ a population an ecosystem Add Question Here
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Question The most inclusive level of organization listed here is a(n) Answer
organ. atom. molecule. multicelled organism. cell. Add Question Here
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Question In order to survive and reproduce, a cell needs Answer
an energy source. raw materials. a suitable environment. DNA. all of these. Add Question Here
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Question Nature is ____ in the universe except what humans have____. Answer
living; destroyed everything; manufactured macromolecular; genetically engineered verifiable life-forms; selectively bred matter; artificially created Add Question Here
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Question The level of organization represented in the figure is a(n) Answer
atom. tissue. molecule. organ. cell. Add Question Here
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Question A community Answer
includes all populations of all species in an area. features the living organisms interacting with the physical and chemical environment. is the sum of all places in Earth's atmosphere, crust, and waters where organisms live. includes members of only one species. is at a higher level than an ecosystem. Add Question Here
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Question The above figure represents a(n) Answer
atom. tissue. molecule. organ. cell. Add Question Here
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Question The level of organization where factors such as sunlight, rainfall, and temperature enter the picture is the Answer
organ system. ecosystem. biosphere. molecule. community. Add Question Here
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Question Living organisms are members of all of the levels listed below; however, rocks are components of Answer
the community. the population. the ecosystem. the biosphere. both the ecosystem and the biosphere. Add Question Here
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Question A(n) ____ property is a characteristic of a system that does not appear in any of its component parts. Answer
efferent emergent elective energetic living Add Question Here
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Question All organisms are alike in their Answer
requirements for energy. participation in one or more nutrient cycles. ultimate dependence on the sun. interaction with other forms of life. all of these. Add Question Here
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Question Which of the following is NOT a key characteristic of "life"? Answer
organization into cells response to environmental change reproduction inability to change using energy Add Question Here
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Question Living organisms are different from inanimate objects because they Answer
react to environmental stimuli. exhibit massive complexity. possess molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid. exhibit multiple levels of organization. all of these Add Question Here
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Question The conversion of solar energy to chemical energy is known as Answer
metabolism. photosynthesis. chemosynthesis. catabolism. anabolism. Add Question Here
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Question Organisms sense and respond to changes both inside and outside the body by way of Answer
metabolism. photosynthesis. receptors. catabolism. anabolism. Add Question Here
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Question DNA codes for the production of Answer
proteins. minerals. inorganic molecules. vital gasses. water. Add Question Here
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Question Which of the following do not depend directly on sunlight for energy? I. terrestrial producers II. animal consumers III. decomposers Answer
I only II and III only II only III only I and III Add Question Here
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Question On the illustration, "A" and "B" should be labeled respectively Answer
consumers; producers decomposers; producers producers; redistributors producers; consumers none of these Add Question Here
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Question Nonliving entities do NOT possess Answer
energetic interactions. DNA. atoms. elements. any of these. Add Question Here
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Question The flow of energy among living organisms is best characterized as Answer
circular. a ladder. a lattice. one way. a funnel. Add Question Here
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Question Homeostasis provides what kind of environment? Answer
positive relatively constant around a set point limiting changing chemical and physical Add Question Here
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Question Each cell is able to maintain a constant internal environment. This condition is called Answer
metabolism. homeostasis. physiology. adaptation. evolution. Add Question Here
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Question About twelve to twenty-four hours after the previous meal, a person's blood-sugar level normally varies from 60 to 90 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood, though it may rise to 130 mg/100 ml after meals high in carbohydrates. That the blood-sugar level is maintained within a fairly narrow range despite uneven intake of sugar is due to the body's ability to carry out Answer
adaptation. inheritance. metabolism. homeostasis. all of these. Add Question Here
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Question For a cell to take up sugar from the bloodstream, Answer
receptors for insulin on the cell must be activated. a person must have had a meal with sugar within the last twenty-four hours. homeostatic mechanisms must activate the blood-brain barrier. glycogen must be broken down to provide a supply of glucose. the pancreas must supply the appropriate enzymes to make sugar available. Add Question Here
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Question Which of the following phrases would most likely be used in a discussion of homeostasis? Answer
respond to environmental stimuli limited range of variation rapid energy turnover cycle of elements structural and functional units of life Add Question Here
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Question The DNA molecule is most similar functionally to a Answer
pair of scissors. flashlight battery. computer memory chip. ballpoint pen. craft kit of ceramic tiles. Add Question Here
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Question Energy sources are needed for which of the following processes? I. reproduction II. growth III. development Answer
I and II I and III II only II and III I, II, and III Add Question Here
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Question A fertilized moth egg passes through which stages of development before becoming an adult? I. larval II. pupal III. reproductive Answer
I only II only I and II I and III II and III Add Question Here
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Question A new life cycle begins with Answer
death. pupation. formation of a larva. fertilization of an egg. hatching of an egg. Add Question Here
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Question A scientific name consists of which of the following? I. family name II. genus name III. species name Answer
I only II only III only I and II II and III Add Question Here
Multiple Choice Question The plural for genus is
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Answer
genus. geni. genera. gena. genae. Add Question Here
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Question The least inclusive of the taxonomic categories listed here is Answer
family. phylum. class. order. genus. Add Question Here
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Question Which group includes all of the other groups? Answer
domain order family genus species Add Question Here
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Question The hierarchical system of nomenclature Answer
allows diversity to be catalogued. organizes knowledge about species relationships. permits organisms to be identified. sorts organisms into groups. all of these. Add Question Here
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Question Members of what domain are evolutionarily closest to eukaryotes? Answer
Animalia Protista Fungi Bacteria Archaea Add Question Here
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Question All of the following are domains of life except? Answer
Animalia Bacteria Archaea Eukarya none of these Add Question Here
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Question Members of what group are multicellular producers? Answer
Animalia Protista Fungi Plantae none of these Add Question Here
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Question Which of the following groups are made up of almost exclusively decomposers? Answer
Plantae Fungi Animalia Monera Protista Add Question Here
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Question Which of the following are NOT eukaryotes? Answer
fungi bacteria plants animals protistans Add Question Here
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Question Hereditary instructions must Answer
be unchanging most of the time. pass from one generation to the next. control a large number of different characteristics. provide for the rare change in instructions. all of these. Add Question Here
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Question A mutation is a change in Answer
homeostasis. the developmental pattern in an organism. metabolism. hereditary instructions. the life cycle of an organism. Add Question Here
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Question Evolution occurs at what level of organization? Answer
organism molecule organ population ecosystem Add Question Here
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Question Which of the following statements is NOT true? Answer
Diversity is the result of evolution. The characteristics of any living organism are under the control of an inorganic chemical. The diversity of living organisms makes life unpredictable, even using scientific methods. All organisms are alike in that their structure and organization arise from matter and energy. The behavior of individual organisms is dependent solely upon heard behavior evolutionary history. Add Question Here
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Question The diversity of structure, function, and behavior in living organisms is primarily the result of Answer
reproduction. heredity. evolution. chance variations in living organisms of the same generation. artificial selection. Add Question Here
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Question Which of the following ultimately accounts for variation in genetic traits? Answer
replication of DNA molecules genetic mutation asexual reproduction ecological succession homeostatic mechanisms Add Question Here
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Question An adaptive trait is a trait that has Answer
mutated. survival value. decreased in frequency in a population. deleterious biological effects. the potential to produce variation. Add Question Here
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Question The animals used in the text to show variation in domesticated forms are Answer
pigeons. chickens. pigs. dogs. cats. Add Question Here
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Question The principal point of Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is that Answer
long-term heritable changes in organisms are caused by use and disuse. mutations that adapt an organism to a given environment always arise in the greatest frequency in the organisms that occupy that environment. mutations are caused by all sorts of environmental influences. survival of characteristics in a population depends on competition between organisms, especially between members of the same species. mutations mostly have favorable effects. Add Question Here
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Question Which premise used by Darwin in his theory is INCORRECTLY stated below? Answer
More offspring are produced than will survive to reproduce. Members of populations show heritable variation. Some varieties have a better chance to survive and reproduce. Organisms that possess advantageous traits have a decreased chance of producing offspring. Some traits become more common because their bearers contribute more offspring to the next generation. Add Question Here
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Question Which of the following statements is NOT true? Answer
Natural selection is based upon differential reproduction and survival. For evolution to occur in a population, there must be some variation. Most mutations have beneficial effects on traits. A population evolves when heritable change occurs in a line of descent. Over time, some genetic traits are more adaptive than others. Add Question Here
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Question The scientific explanation for the diversity seen in nature is Answer
based upon sexual differences. divine creation of the many different forms of life. found in the science of taxonomy. natural selection. artificial selection. Add Question Here
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Question A well-tested hypothesis that has not been disproved is called a Answer
principle. law. theory. fact. hypothesis. Add Question Here
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Question ____ means judging information before accepting it as fact. Answer
Critical thinking Law Theory Fact Hypothesis Add Question Here
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Question Of the following, which is the first explanation of a problem? (It is sometimes called an "educated guess.") Answer
principle law theory fact hypothesis Add Question Here
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Question Hypotheses are Answer
often in the form of a statement. often expressed negatively. sometimes crude attempts to offer a possible explanation for observations. testable predictions. all of these. Add Question Here
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Question In order to arrive at a solution to a problem, a scientist usually conducts one or more Answer
laws. theories. experiments. principles. facts. Add Question Here
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Question Which represents the lowest degree of certainty? Answer
hypothesis conclusion fact principle theory Add Question Here
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Question Which represents the highest degree of certainty? Answer
hypothesis fact assumption theory prediction Add Question Here
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Question The control in an experiment Answer
makes the experiment valid. is an additional replicate for statistical purposes. reduces the experimental errors. minimizes experimental inaccuracy. allows a mixed group of comparisons among different organisms for the experimental group. Add Question Here
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Question As a result of experimentation, Answer
more hypotheses may be developed. more questions may be asked. a new biological principle could emerge. entire theories may be modified. all of these. Add Question Here
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Question In an experiment, the control group is Answer
not subjected to experimental error. exposed to experimental treatments. maintained under strict laboratory conditions. treated exactly the same as the experimental group, except for one variable. statistically the most important part of the experiment. Add Question Here
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Question The choice of whether a particular organism belongs to the experimental group or the control group should be based on Answer
age. size. chance. designation by the experimenter. sex. Add Question Here
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Question Scientists are always thinking about ways to improve experimental design. In the text's potato chip experiment, which of these might do so? Answer
show a different movie exclude teenagers as group members collect uneaten chip remains and weigh them for both groups provide free drinks use a smaller theater Add Question Here
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Question In the experiment with Peacock butterflies, the working hypothesis is that Answer
mimicry confuses both predator and prey. mimicry conveys a selective advantage to the prey. birds are capable of learning. birds are agents of evolution. unpalatable species display distinctive wings. Add Question Here
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Question The variable in the butterfly experiment is Answer
butterfly wing pattern color. butterfly species. bird predator species. rainforest region used. percentage of survivors. Add Question Here
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Question How did the control group differ from the experimental group in the butterfly experiment? Answer
They were different species. Their native habitat area of the forest differed. They tasted worse. They were white-patterned. They preferred different flower species. Add Question Here
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Question The data from the butterfly experiment reflected which of the following? Answer
natural selection food choices by predators the ability of birds to find the prey the role of mimicry all of these Add Question Here
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Question The results of the butterfly experiment Answer
supported the hypothesis. provided valuable quantitative data. confirmed the prediction. provided evidence of natural selection in action. all of these. Add Question Here
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Question Which of the following might be a possible follow-up experiment? Answer
Repeat in a forest area totally devoid of native butterflies. Repeat in a wildlife sanctuary aviary after giving birds a chance to learn about yellow H. eleuchia. Repeat using young, inexperienced birds. Repeat, but count survivors for three weeks. all of these. Add Question Here
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Question Randomly selecting samples of experimental units from an environment can result in Answer
sampling error. blind testing. evidence. experimental design. consensus. Add Question Here
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Question Science is based on Answer
faith. authority. evidence. force. consensus. Add Question Here
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Question Which of the following can be changed based on new evidence? Answer
hypothesis theory prediction experiment all of these Add Question Here
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Question Which of the following is NOT used in the development of science? Answer
evaluation of data personal conviction prediction systematic observation sharing ideas Add Question Here
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Question All of the following will strengthen a theory EXCEPT Answer
repetitions of experiments. increased observations. time. faith. confirmation by many scientists. Add Question Here
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Question The validity of scientific discoveries cannot be based on Answer
morality. aesthetics. philosophy. economics. any of these. Add Question Here
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Question Copernicus, Galileo, and Darwin found that ____ caused their science to be controversial. Answer
prevailing belief objective data astronomy the supernatural experimental design Add Question Here
Matching
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Question Matching. Match the following letters to the number with which they best correspond. Answer Match Question Items
Answer Items
E. - A. Conduct a survey of individuals who smoke and individuals who do not smoke. Determine which group has the highest incidence of cancers.
A. Observation
D. - B. If smoking causes cancer, then individuals who smoke will get cancer more often than those who do not. B. Question H. - C. Submit the results and the conclusions to the scientific community.
C. Hypothesis
F. - D. Establish identical groups of laboratory rats. Expose one group (the model system) to cigarette smoke and compare the incidence of new cancers (if any) with the incidence in the control group.
D. Prediction
G. - E. Compile test results and draw conclusions from them.
E. Observational experiment
C. - F. Smoking cigarettes may cause cancer.
F. Laboratory experiment
B. - G. Why do people get cancer?
G. Assess results
A. - H. People get cancer.
H. Report Add Question Here
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Question Classification. Match the following descriptions to the most appropriate function, process, or trait listed below.
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Answer Match Question Items
Answer Items
C. - A. a process found only in plants and some bacteria and some protists
A. evolution
E. - B. a characteristic most organisms exhibit that tends to buffer the effects of environmental change B. reproduction A. - C. heritable change occurs in a line of descent
C. photosynthesis
B. - D. process in which one generation replaces another
D. growth E. homeostasis Add Question Here
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Question Classification. Match the following descriptions with the most appropriate group listed below. Answer
Match Question Items
Answer Items
C. - A. multicellular producers
A. Bacteria
A. - B. prokaryotic
B. Protista
B. - C. unicellular organisms of considerable internal complexity C. Plantae E. - D. multicellular motile consumers
D. Fungi
A. - E. oldest living organisms
E. Animalia
B. - F. unicellular producers D. - G. multicellular decomposers Add Question Here
