E
?C'!=31!O3a ?#W+)3=+==YM =!O35
]7?=?;3Q+E735 3 E?O3!9[=Y5 E?%+G
Distr. GENERAL E/CN.4/1995/65 12 January 1995 RUSSIAN Original:
ENGLISH
7?;3EE3a A? AC!%!; Q+9?%+7! AbH\*,FbH B,D&"b F,FF4b AJ>8H 12 BD,*&"D4H,:\>@6 B@&,FH84 *>b
%?AC?E ? =!CIS+=33 AC!% Q+9?%+7! 3 ?E=?%=YM E%?#?) % 9_#?5 Q!EG3 ;3C!, ?E?#+==? % 7?9?=3!9[=YM 3 )CI'3M 1!%3E3;YM EGC!=!M 3 G+CC3G?C3aM )@8:"* @ B@:@0,>44 & @$:"FH4 BD"& R,:@&,8" & ;\b><,, B@*(@H@&:,>>Z6 EB,P4":\>Z< *@8:"*R48@< (->@< 5@2@ 5@8@H@6 & F@@H&,HFH&44 F D,2@:`P4,6 1994/85 7@<4FF44 E?)+C/!=3+
%%+)+=3+ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
AJ>8HZ
EHD.
1 - 16
4
!.
;">*"H EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1 - 4
4
%.
3FH@D4b &@BD@F" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 - 16
5
GE.95-10081
(R)
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 2
E?)+C/!=3+ (BD@*@:0,>4,)
I.
II.
)+aG+9[=?EG[ EA+O3!9[=?'? )?79!)Q37! . . . . . . .
AJ>8HZ
EHD.
17 - 94
7
!.
%&,*,>4, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
17
7
%.
A@F,V,>4, ;\b>
18 - 93
7
E.
A@F,V,>4, :"(,D,6 $,0,>P,& & G"4:">*, . . . . . . . . . . .
94
23
95 - 144
23
%>,FJ*,$>Z, 8"2>4, 8"2>4 $,2 >"*:,0"V,(@ FJ*,$>@(@ D"2$4D"H,:\FH&" 4:4 BD@42&@:\>Z, 8"2>4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
95 - 103
23
%.
AD@42&@:\>Z, "D,FHZ 4 2"*,D0">4b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
104 - 113
25
E.
AZH84 4 *DJ(4, 0,FH@84,, $,FR,:@&,R>Z, 4:4 J>40"`V4, R,:@&,R,F8@, *@FH@4>FH&@ &4*Z @$D"V,>4b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
114 - 117
30
D.
E&@$@*" B,D,*&40,>4b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
118 - 120
31
E.
E&@$@*" &ZD"0,>4b <>,>46 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
121 - 123
31
F.
AD"&" HDJ*bV4NFb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
124 - 127
32
G.
AD"&" D,$,>8" . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
128 - 129
33
H.
?$D"V,>4, F
F84< >"F,:,>4,< & @$:"FH4 C"8N"6> . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
130 - 135
33
I.
="P4@>":\>Z6 8@>&,>H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
136 - 141
34
J.
AD@P,FF BD4<4D,>4b F B@&FH">P"<4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
142 - 144
36
IG%+C/)+=3a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . !.
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 3
E?)+C/!=3+ (@8@>R">4,)
III.
AJ>8HZ
EHD.
%Y%?)Y 3 C+7?;+=)!O33 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
145 -155
36
%Z&@*Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
145 - 154
36
!.
C,8@<,>*"P44 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 AD4:@0,>4b ()@8J<,>HZ, BD,*FH"&:,>>Z, EB,P4":\>@
II.
III.
%.
38
C,"8P4b BD"&4H,:\FH&" ;\b>" JH&,D0*,>4b @ &>,FJ*,$>ZN 8"2>bN :4P &@ &D,4b B@* FHD"0,6, @ 8@H@DZN F@@$V4: EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 &@ &D,48@< Q/? %4>@< 42 IBD"&:,>4b 8@>HDD"2&,*84 10 >@b$Db 1994 (@*" . . . . . . . . .
41
="P4@>":\>Z, &@@DJ0,>>Z, (DJBBZ, 8@H@DZ, &,D>J:4F\ 8 F@$:`*,>4` 2"8@>>@FH4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45
G"$:4P" F J8"2">4,< <,D, BD4>bHZN BD@H4& H,N, 8H@ 4<,: 8@>H"8HZ F B@&FH">P"<4 7A=+ 4 8H@ $Z: @F&@$@0*,> <\b><">F84<4 &:"FHb<4 & 1994 (@*J . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
46
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 4
%%+)+=3+ !.
;">*"H EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48"
1. ;">*"H EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48" 7@<4FF44 B@ BD"&"< R,:@&,8" B@ &@BD@FJ @ B@:@0,>44 & @$:"FH4 BD"& R,:@&,8" & ;\b><, 42:@0,> & 8"0*@< 42 BD,*Z*JV4N *@8:"*@& EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48" ',>,D":\>@6 !FF"<$:,, (A/47/651, A/48/578 4 A/49/594) 4 7@<4FF44 B@ BD"&"< R,:@&,8" (E/CN.4/1993/37 4 E/CN.4/1994/57). % F@@H&,HFH&44 F ^H4< <">*"H@<, B,D&@>"R":\>@ FL@D>Z< & D,2@:`P44 1992/58 7@<4FF44 4 BD@*:,>>Z< F@&F,< >,*"&>@ 7@<4FF4,6 & ,, D,2@:`P44 1994/85 @H 9 <"DH" 1994 (@*" (@*@$D,>" ]8@>@<4R,F84< 4 E@P4":\>Z< E@&,H@< & ,(@ D,T,>44 1994/269 @H 25 4`:b 1994 (@*"), EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 *@:0,> $Z: JFH">@&4H\ 4:4 BD@*@:0"H\ BDbH"8HZ F BD"&4H,:\FH&@< 4 >"D@*@< ;\b>>ZN F&@$@*Z, 4N F,<\4 4 "*&@8"H@&, F P,:\` 42JR,>4b B@:@0,>4b & @$:"FH4 BD"& R,:@&,8" & ;\b><, 4 @BD,*,:,>4b BD@(D,FF", *@FH4(>JH@(@ & B,D,*"R, &:"FH4 (D"0*">F8@@&@6 8@>FH4HJP44, @H<,>, @(D">4R,>46 :4R>ZN F&@$@* 4 & &@FFH">@&:,>44 BD"& R,:@&,8" & ;\b><,. % D,2@:`P44 1994/85 7@<4FF4b >"FH@bH,:\>@ BD42&":" BD"&4H,:\FH&@ ;\b>@&4H\ F 7@<4FF4,6 4 EB,P4":\>Z< *@8:"*R48@< B@:>@, 4 $,2@(@&@D@R>@, F@HDJ*>4R,FH&@ 4 F ^H@6 P,:\` @$,FB,R4H\ EB,P4":\>@Z6 4 F&@$@*>Z6 *@FHJB 8 :`$@<,, F 8@H@DZ< @> B@FR4H",H >J0>Z< &FHD,H4H\Fb & N@*, @FJV,FH&:,>4b F&@,(@ <">*"H", &8:`R"b (-0J !J>( E"> EJ Q04; 4 B@BD@F4:" EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48" BD,*FH"&4H\ *@8:"* ',>,D":\>@6 !FF"<$:,, >" ,, F@D@8 *,&bH@6 F,FF44 4 7@<4FF44 B@ BD"&"< R,:@&,8" >" ,, BbH\*,FbH B,D&@6 F,FF44. 2. ?F>@&>Z, &@BD@FZ, &Z2&"&T4, @2"$@R,>>@FH\ 7@<4FF44 B@ BD"&"< R,:@&,8" & D,2@:`P44 1994/85, &8:`R":4 & F,$b F:,*J`V,,: 42$4D"H,:\>Z6 BD@P,FF, >"R"HZ6 & ;\b><, BD@&,*,>4,< &F,@$V4N &Z$@D@& 27 <"b 1990 (@*", &F, ,V, >, 2"&,DT4:Fb, 4 BD"&4H,:\FH&@ &F, ,V, >, &ZB@:>4:@ F&@4 @$b2"H,:\FH&" B@ BD4>bH4` &F,N >,@$N@*4"BD"&:,>44 8 *,<@8D"H44 & F&,H, D,2J:\H"H@& ^H4N &Z$@D@&; <>@(4, B@:4H4R,F84, :4*,DZ, 4 & R"FH>@FH4 &Z$D">>Z, BD,*FH"&4H,:4, B@-BD,0>,Z F&@$@*Z, " :"JD,"H =@$,:,&F8@6 BD,<44 <4D" (-0" !J>( E"> EJ Q04 &F, ,V, >"N@*4HFb B@* *@<"T>4< "D,FH@<; BD@*@:0"`HFb F,D\,2>Z, >"DJT,>4b D"2:4R>ZN @F>@&>ZN BD"& R,:@&,8", & R"FH>@FH4 BD"8H48" BD4>J*4H,:\>@(@ HDJ*", &8:`R"b BD4>J*4H,:\>J` D"$@HJ & 8"R,FH&, (DJ2R48@& 4 BD4>J*4H,:\>Z, B,D,<,V,>4b >"F,:,>4b. 7@<4FF4b H"80, &ZF8"2":" F&@` @2"$@R,>>@FH\ & F&b24 F <>@(@R4F:,>>Z<4 BD@$:,<"<4, F@2*">>Z<4 & F@F,*>4N FHD">"N BD4H@8@< $,0,>P,& 42 ;\b>b:" 8 F&,*,>4` H@H L"8H, RH@ BD"&4H,:\FH&@ ;\b>4:@F\ 8 /,>,&F84< 8@>&,>P4b< @H 12 "&(JFH" 1949 (@*", B@*B4F":" 5 >@b$Db 1993 (@*" F IBD"&:,>4,< %,DN@&>@(@ 8@<4FF"D" ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 B@ *,:"< $,0,>P,& (I%7#) ;,<@D">*J< @ B@>4<">44 @H>@F4H,:\>@ *@$D@&@:\>@6 4 $,2@B"F>@6 D,B"HD4"P44 $,0,>P,& 42 #">(:"*,T, *":" F@(:"F4, >" B@F,V,>4, EB,P4":\>Z< *@8:"*R48@< ;\b>>@FH4 @ BD,8D"V,>44 @(>b, " H"80, BD@&,:" B,D,(@&@DZ F >,F8@:\84<4 (DJBB"<4 <,>\T4>FH&. 4. % @8Hb$D, 1994 (@*" EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 BD,*FH"&4: ',>,D":\>@6 !FF"<$:,, >" ,, F@D@8 *,&bH@6 F,FF44 BD,*&"D4H,:\>Z6 *@8:"* (A/49/594 4 Add.1). ="FH@bV46 B@:>Z6
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 5
*@8:"* BD,*FH"&:b,HFb 7@<4FF44 B@ BD"&"< R,:@&,8" >" ,, BbH\*,FbH B,D&@6 F,FF44 *:b D"FF<@HD,>4b. B.
3FH@D4b &@BD@F"
5. % 1948 (@*J E@`2 ;\b><" (& H@ &D,@&"&T46Fb #4D<@6) @$D,: F&@` >,2"&4F4<@FH\, @F&@$@*4&T4F\ @H $D4H">F8@(@ 8@:@>4":\>@(@ (@FB@*FH&". % B,D4@* F 1948 B@ 1962 (@* L@D<@6 BD"&:,>4b & FHD">, $Z:" B"D:"<,>HF8"b *,<@8D"H4b >" @F>@&, 7@>FH4HJP44, BD4>bH@6 2 F,>Hb$Db 1947 (@*". G"8@, (@FJ*"DFH&,>>@, JFHD@6FH&@ BD,*JF<"HD4&":@ L,*,D":\>J` F4FH,4b F >,2"&4F44H,:\>@6, 2"8@>@*"H,:\>@6 4 FJ*,$>@6 &,H&b<4 &:"FH4. E@FH"&:b`V4, E@`2 @$:"FH4 B@:\2@&":4F\ "&H@>@<4,6. % F@@H&,HFH&44 F@ FH"H\,6 201 7@>FH4HJP44 1947 (@*" ^H>4R,F84, <,>\T4>FH&" H,@D,H4R,F84 4<,:4 BD"&@ &Z6H4 42 E@`2", @*>"8@, F@(:"F>@ FH"H\, 202, ^H@ BD"&@ >, <@(:@ $ZH\ 4FB@:\2@&">@ *@ 4FH,R,>4b 10 :,H F@ *>b &FHJB:,>4b 7@>FH4HJP44 & F4:J. % <"DH, 1948 (@*" 7@<4FH4R,F8"b B"DH4b #4D"R":" &@@DJ0,>>J` $@D\$J BD@H4& BD"&4H,:\FH&" #4D@6 *,bH,:\>@FH4 BD4F@,*4>4:4F\ D"2:4R>Z, ^H>4R,F84, <,>\T4>FH&". 6. % <"DH, 1962 (@*" & D,2J:\H"H, &@,>>@(@ B,D,&@D@H" 8 &:"FH4 & FHD">, BD4T,: (,>,D": =, %4>. ?> JFH">@&4: @*>@B"DH46>Z6 (A"DH4b $4D<">F8@6 F@P4":4FH4R,F8@6 BD@(D"<>Z6 D,04< 4 BD4FHJB4: 8 @FJV,FH&:,>4` BD@(D"<@6 8"8 "#4D<">F846 BJH\ 8 F@P4":42 BD@,8H >@&@6 8@>FH4HJP44, & 8@H@D@< B@-BD,0>,@B"DH46>Z6 D,04< BD"&:,>4b. 7. % 1988 (@*J >"R":4F\ B@&F,<,FH>Z, *,<@>FHD"P44 & 2>"8 BD@H,FH" BD@H4& B@*"&:,>4b &F,N (D"0*">F84N 4 B@:4H4R,F84N BD"& B@F:, F&,D0,>4b 8@>FH4HJP4@>>@(@ BD"&4H,:\FH&" & 1962 (@*J 4 BD@H4& ^8@>@<4R,F8@(@ 8D424F", 8 8@H@D@J D,":42"P4b BD@(D"<F846 BJH\ 8 F@P4":42\ 1988 (@*" BD@N@*4:4 *,<@>FHD"P44 FHJ*,>H@&, D"$@R4N 4 <@>"N@& F HD,$@&">4b<4 F&@$@*Z 4 *,<@8D"H44, 8@H@DZ, $Z:4 0,FH@8@ B@*"&:,>Z "D<4,6. E@H>4 (D"0*">F84N :4P $Z:4 "D,FH@&">Z, <>@(4, B@:JR4:4 Hb084, H,:,F>Z, B@&D,0*,>4b 4 J<,D:4 & D,2J:\H"H, 0,FH@8@(@ @$D"V,>4b, >"N@*bF\ B@* FHD"0,6. #@:\T@, R4F:@ :`*,6 FH":4 0,DH&"<4 8"2>,6 $,2 >"*:,0"V,(@ FJ*,$>@(@ D"2$4D"H,:\FH&" 4:4 BD@42&@:\>ZN 8"2>,6. 21 4`>b 1988 (@*" BD"&4H,:\FH&@ &&,:@ 2"BD,H >" :`$Z, <4H4>(4 4 *,<@>FHD"P44. 9. 23 4`:b 1988 (@*" (,>,D": =, %4> JT,: & @HFH"&8J F B@FH" B"DH46>@(@ :4*,D", B@@$,V"& BD@&,FH4 ^8@>@<4R,F84, D,L@D*J< & P,:bN @H<,>Z @*>@B"DH46>@6 F4FH,4b 4 B,D,N@*" 8 <>@(@B"DH46>@6 F4FH,<,. =,F<@HDb >" ^H@, *,<@>FHD"P44 BD@*@:0":4F\, RH@ &Z2&":@ D,BD,FF44 BD@H4& 4N JR"FH>48@& F@ FH@D@>Z "D<44 4 FB,PB@*D"2*,:,>46 B@:4P44. E@@$V":@F\, RH@ H@:\8@ & "&(JFH, 1988 (@*" $Z:@ J$4H@ @8@:@ 3 000 R,:@&,8. 18 F,>Hb$Db 1988 (@*" 8 &:"FH4 & FHD">, BD4T:4 &@,>>Z,, 4 $Z: JRD,0*,> '@FJ*"DFH&,>>Z6 F@&,H B@ &@FFH">@&:,>4` BD"&@B@Db*8" ('E%A) B@* DJ8@&@*FH&@< >"R":\>48" ',>,D":\>@(@ TH"$" (,>,D":" E@ ;"J>(". ="D@*>@, F@$D">4, (Pyithu Hluttaw), '@FJ*"DFH&,>>Z6 F@&,H 4 *DJ(4, @D(">Z (@FJ*"DFH&,>>@(@ JBD"&:,>4b $Z:4 D"FBJV,>Z. 'E%A @$,V": BD@&,FH4 F&@$@*>Z, &Z$@DZ, 2"BD,H4&, @*>"8@, *@R,D4 (,>,D":"
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 6
I !J>( E">" (>"P4@>":\>@(@ (,D@b $@D\$Z 2" >,2"&4F4<@FH\, 8"2>,>>@(@ & 1947 (@*J) 4 ',>,D":\>@@6 :4(4 2" *,<@8D"H4` (=9)) !J>( E"> EJ Q04 JR"FH&@&"H\ & &Z$@D"N >" H@< @F>@&">44, RH@ @>" B@**,D04&":" >,2"8@>>J` F&b2\ F B@*DZ&>Z<4 @D(">42"P4b<4. 20 4`:b 1989 (@*" !J>( E"> EJ Q04 $Z:" &2bH" B@* FHD"0J BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z<4 &@6F8"<4. E <@<,>H" &2bH4b B@* FHD"0J 4 B@ >"FH@bV,, &D," >"N@*4HFb B@* *@<"T>4< "D,FH@<; & 1991 (@*J ,6 $Z:" BD4FJ0*,>" =@$,:,&F8"b BD,<4b <4D". A@* FHD"0,6 H"80, >"N@*bHFb 4 <>@(4, *DJ(4,, & H@< R4F:, $@:\T4>FH&@ &4*>ZN B@:4H4R,F84N :4*,D@&. 10. 27 <"b 1990 (@*" F@FH@b:4F\ &F,@$V4, &Z$@DZ, >" 8@H@DZN (:"&>"b @BB@24P4@>>"b B"DH4b (=9)) 2"&@,&":" 81% <,FH & ="P4@>":\>@< 8@>&,>H, (392 <,FH" 42 485), B@:JR4& 60% (@:@F@& 42$4D"H,:,6. 'E%A @H:@04: @*>"8@ @L4P4":\>@, @$>"D@*@&">4, D,2J:\H"H@& &Z$@D@&, F H,< RH@$Z *"H\ &@2<@0>@FH\ JRD,0*,>>@6 4< 42$4D"H,:\>@6 8@<4FF44 BD@&,D4H\ FR,H", 42 8@H@DZN @B:"R4&":4F\ D"FN@*Z &F,N 42$D">>ZN BD,*FH"&4H,:,6. 11. E >"R":" 1992 (@*" FH":4 B@FHJB"H\ F@@$V,>4b @ <"FF@&@6 <4(D"P44 <\b><">F84N 42 @$:"FH4 C"8N"6> & #">(:"*,T. #,0,>P"<4 FH":4 >, <,>,, 250 000 R,:@&,8, @B"F"&T4NFb BD,F:,*@&">46. 28 "BD,:b 1992 (@*" BD"&4H,:\FH&" ;\b>(:"*,T B@*B4F":4 E@(:"T,>4, @ *@$D@&@:\>@< 4 $,2@B"F>@< &@2&D"V,>44 $,0,>P,&. 7 @8Hb$D` 1993 (@*" & F@@H&,HFH&44 F ^H4< E@(:"T,>4,< & ;\b>J:4F\ @8@:@ 40 000 $,0,>P,&. 12. 5 >@b$Db 1993 (@*" %,DN@&>Z6 8@<4FF"D ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 B@ *,:"< $,0,>P,& (%7#??=) 4 BD"&4H,:\FH&@ ;\b>*J< @ B@>4<">44 F P,:\` @$,FB,R4H\ *@$D@&@:\>@, 4 $,2@B"F>@, &@2&D"V,>4, :4P, B@84>J&T4N FHD">J. ]H@H <,<@D">*J< @ B@>4<">44 b&:b:Fb ">":@(4R>Z< <,<@D">*J>@(:"*,T 12 <"b 1993 (@*". ?$" BD"&4H,:\FH&" &ZD"24:4 F&@, J*@&:,H&@D,>4, & F&b24 F ^H@6 *@(@&@D,>>@FH\` 4 JR"FH4,< %7#??=. % B,D4@* F F,>Hb$Db 1992 (@*" B@ 8@>,P F,>Hb$Db 1994 (@*" & ;\b>J:4F\ 75 000 $,0,>P,&. ?04*",HFb, RH@ *@ 8@>P" 1994 (@*" &,D>JHFb ,V, 45 000 $,0,>P,&. 13. % "BD,:, 1992 (@*" (,>,D": E@ ;"J>( JT,: & @HFH"&8J B@ F@FH@b>4` 2*@D@&\b 4 BD,*F,*"H,:,< 'E%A FH": (,>,D": G"> S&,. % F&b24 F@ F<,>@6 DJ8@&@*FH&" $Z: @$Xb&:,> 4 @FJV,FH&:,> Db* >@&ZN <,D, &8:`R"b @F&@$@0*,>4, <>@(4N B@:4H4R,F84N :4*,D@&, F@*,D0"&T4NFb B@* FHD"0,6 (& H@< R4F:, $Z&T,(@ BD,<\,D-<4>4FHD" I =J, >@ >, !J>( E"> EJ Q04); F@2Z& ="P4@>":\>@(@ 8@>&,>H" *:b D"2D"$@H84 @F>@& 4 BD4>P4B@& >@&@6 8@>FH4HJP44; D"2D,T,>4, >" B@F,V,>4, !J>( E"> EJ Q04 R:,>"<4 ,, F,<\4; @H8DZH4, J>4&,DF4H,H@& 4 *DJ(4N &ZFT4N JR,$>ZN 2"&,*,>46; @H<,>J 8@<,>*">HF8@(@ R"F" 4 &@,>>@(@ B@:@0,>4b 4 BD,8D"V,>4, D"FF<@HD,>4b (D"0*">F84N *,: &@,>>Z<4 HD4$J>":"<4. 14. 9 b>&"Db 1993 (@*" $Z: F@2&"> ="P4@>":\>Z6 8@>&,>H. % ,(@ F@FH"& &@T:4 702 *,:,("H", BD,*FH"&:b`V4N F:,*J`V4, &@F,<\ 8"H,(@D46: a) BD,*FH"&4H,:4 B@:4H4R,F84N B"DH46, &8:`R"b =9) (49); b) BD,*FH"&4H,:4, 42$D">>Z, & N@*, &Z$@D@& 1990 (@*" (107); c) BD,*FH"&4H,:4 ^H>4R,F84N (DJBB (215); d) BD,*FH"&4H,:4 8D,FH\b>FH&" (93); e) BD,*FH"&4H,:4 D"$@R4N (48); f) BD,*FH"&4H,:4 4>H,::4(,>P44 4 H,N>4R,F84N FB,P4":4FH@& (41); g) BD,*FH"&4H,:4 (@FJ*"DFH&,>>ZN F:J0"V4N (92);
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 7
h) BD@R4, BD4(:"T,>>Z, :4P" (57). 1"F,*">4, ="P4@>":\>@(@ 8@>&,>H" >,F8@:\8@ D"2 @H8:"*Z&":@F\ B@ >,42&,FH>Z< *:b &>,T>4N >"$:`*"H,:,6 BD4R4>"<. 15. 7@(*" 9 "BD,:b 1994 (@*" D"FBJFH4:Fb ="P4@>":\>Z6 8@>&,>H, BD,*F,*"H,:\ ="P4@>":\>@(@ 8@>&,>H", (:"&>Z6 FJ*\b I !J>( G@, 2"b&4:, RH@ *@FH4(>JH" *@(@&@D,>>@FH\ @ BD4>P4B"N D"2D"$@H84 (:"& 8@>FH4HJP44 (@FJ*"DFH&", @ (@FJ*"DFH&,>>@6 FHDJ8HJD, 4 @ (:"&, (@FJ*"DFH&". E@(:"F>@ ^H4< BD4>P4B"<, FHD">@6 $J*JH JBD"&:bH\ BD,24*,>H 4 *&" &4P,BD,24*,>H", 42$4D",HF84<4 8@::,(4b<4 &Z$@DV48@&, @$D"2@&">>Z< &F,<4 R:,>"<4 *&JN B":"H B"D:"<,>H". ="P4@>":\>Z6 8@>&,>H &@2@$>@&4: F&@` D"$@HJ 2 F,>Hb$Db 1994 (@*". =" ,(@ H,8JV,6 B@&,FH8, *>b FH@bH F:,*J`V4, &@BD@FZ: F"<@JBD"&:b,4b 4 F"<@JBD"&:b,Z, 2"8@>@*"H,:\>Z,, 4FB@:>4H,:\>Z, 4 FJ*,$>Z, @D(">Z &:"FH4. 16. % 4`:, 1994 (@*" (-0" !J>( E"> EJ Q04 >"R":" @H$Z&"H\ F&@6 T,FH4:,H>46 FD@8 *@<"T>,(@ "D,FH". % >"R":, 1994 (@*" ,6 &B,D&Z, D"2D,T4:4 &FHD,H4H\Fb F B@FH@D@>>4<4 :4P"<4, >, b&:b&T4<4Fb R:,>"<4 ,, F,<\4. 7@>(D,FF<,> E@,*4>,>>ZN SH"H@& %4:\b< C4R"D*F@> &FHD,R":Fb F >,6 *&"0*Z & ,, *@<, &@ &D,4b ;\b>H AD@(D"<42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 (AC??=) & ;\b><,, BD,*FH"&4H,:\ B@F@:\FH&" E@,*4>,>>ZN SH"H@& 4 8@DD,FB@>*,>H ("2,HZ "=\`-5@D8 H"6Hb$Db 1994 (@*" & BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>@< *@<, BD4,<@& (-0" !J>( E"> EJ Q04 &FHD,H4:"F\ F BD,*F,*"H,:,< 'E%A (,>,D":@< G"> S&, 4 B,D&Z< F,8D,H"D,< (,>,D":-:,6H,>">H@< 7N4> =\`>H@<. ]H" &FHD,R" b&4:"F\ D,2J:\H"H@< B@FD,*>4R,F84N JF4:46 F@ FH@D@>Z *-D" C,&"H" )N"<<" - $4D<">F8@(@ $J**46F8@(@ <@>"N", BD@04&"`V,(@ & E@,*4>,>>@< 7@D@:,&FH&,. %@ &D,46 ;\b>( E"> EJ Q04, 8@H@DJ` @> 2>": >" BD@Hb0,>44 <>@(4N :,H, " H"80, F R:,>"<4 'E%A. %H@D"b &FHD,R" BD,*FH"&4H,:,6 'E%A (,>,D":-:,6H,>">H" 7N4> =\`>H", FJ*\4 - "*&@8"H" &@,>>@6 `FH4P44 $D4("*>@(@ (,>,D":" G"> I 4 (,>,D":-4>FB,8H@D" &@@DJ0,>>ZN F4: $D4("*>@(@ (,>,D":" G4> !6 F (-0@6 !J>( E"> EJ Q04 F@FH@b:"F\ 28 @8Hb$Db 1994 (@*" & BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>@< *@<, BD4,<@&. I.
)+aG+9[=?EG[ EA+O3!9[=?'? )?79!)Q37! A.
%&,*,>4,
17. % N@*, @FJV,FH&:,>4b F&@,(@ <">*"H" EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 BD@*@:0": F@$4D"H\ 4>L@D<"P4` 42 &F,N F@@H&,HFH&J`V4N 4FH@R>48@&. 1" BD@T,*T46 (@* 8 >,@ B@FHJB":" 4>L@D<"P4b & &4*, B4F,< 4 F@@$V,>46 @H T4D@8@(@ 8DJ(" :4P 4 >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>ZN @D(">42"P46, " H"80, @H BD"&4H,:\FH&" ;\b>@b$D, 1994 (@*" EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 B@F,H4: ;\b>*"H@< 8"8 & F"<@6 FHD">,, H"8 4 2" ,, BD,*,:"<4 BD@&,: &FHD,R4 F &ZF@8@B@FH"&:,>>Z<4 *@:0>@FH>Z<4 :4P"<4 BD"&4H,:\FH&", " H"80, F BD,*FH"&4H,:b<4 D"2:4R>ZN FB,P4":424D@&">>ZN JRD,0*,>46 4 @D(">@& ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46, &8:`R"b IBD"&:,>4, %,DN@&>@(@ 8@<4FF"D" ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 B@ *,:"< $,0,>P,& (I%7#) 4 AD@(D"<42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 (AC??=), 4 F BD,*FH"&4H,:b<4 D"2:4R>ZN >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>ZN @D(">42"P46 4 >"D@*" ;\b>
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 8
B.
A@F,V,>4, ;\b>
18. 10 "&(JFH" 1994 (@*" EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 >"BD"&4: BD"&4H,:\FH&J ;\b>J & B,D4@* F 7 B@ 16 >@b$Db 1994 (@*" 4 &FHD,H4H\Fb F &ZF@8@B@FH"&:,>>Z<4 BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z<4 *@:0>@FH>Z<4 :4P"<4, " H"80, BD@&,FH4 &FHD,RJ & JF:@&4bN B@:>@6 8@>L4*,>P4":\>@FH4 F :4*,D"<4 B@:4H4R,F84N B"DH46, &8:`R"b :4P, >"N@*bV4NFb B@* FHD"0,6 4:4 B@* >"*2@D@<, 4 & R"FH>@FH4 F (-0@6 !J>( E"> EJ Q04. EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 H"80, BD@F4: @$,FB,R4H\ ,J` 4 $,FBD,BbHFH&,>>J` &@2<@0>@FH\ B@&4*"H\ &F,N :4P 4 BD,*FH"&4H,:,6 >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>ZN 4 <,0BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>ZN @D(">42"P46, &FHD,R4 F 8@H@DZ<4, B@ ,(@ <>,>4`, b&:b`HFb >,@$N@*44b ,(@ <">*"H", 4:4 8@H@DZ, F"<4 &ZD"24:4 B@0,:">4, &FHD,H4H\Fb F >4<. ?> *":,, BD@F4: D"2D,T4H\ ,4b 4 BD@&,FH4 8@>L4*,>P4":\>Z, $,F,*Z F 2"8:`R,>>Z<4. 7D@<, H@(@, EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 BD@F4: BD,*@FH"&4H\ ,Z6 *@FHJB &@ &F, D"6@>Z FHD">Z, 4 & R"FH>@FH4 & ,, &@FH@R>J` R"FH\, F P,:\` BD@&,*,>4b $,FBD,BbHFH&,>>ZN 4 8@>L4*,>P4":\>ZN &FHD,R F D,B"HD4">H"<4, >,*"&>@ &,D>J&T4<4Fb & FHD">J. % B4F\<, @H 23 F,>Hb$Db 1994 (@*" BD"&4H,:\FH&@ F@@$V4:@ EB,P4":\>@@ $J*,H BD4&,HFH&@&"H\ ,(@ &424H & ;\b>Z6 *@8:"*R48 B@F,H4: ;\b>@b$Db 1994 (@*". )@ B@F,V,>4b FHD">Z EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 >,@*>@8D"H>@ &FHD,R":Fb F A@FH@b>>Z< BD,*FH"&4H,:,< ;\b>44 ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 & /,>,&, 4 F <4>4FHD@< 4>@FHD">>ZN *,:, 8@H@DZ, B@:>@FH\` F@HDJ*>4R":4 F >4< 4 F@*,6FH&@&":4 ,(@ B@,2*8,. % N@*, B@F,V,>4b ;\b>8D,H>Z, BD@F\$Z EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48" @ &FHD,R"N F &ZF@8@B@FH"&:,>>Z<4 BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z<4 *@:0>@FH>Z<4 :4P"<4 $Z:4 J*@&:,H&@D,>Z. !>":@(4R>Z< @$D"2@< B@F,V,>4b< ;@>F8@6 4 ;">*":"6F8@6 @$:"FH,6 4 @$:"FH4 ;"(J^ FB@F@$FH&@&":4 F@@H&,HFH&J`V4, $D4L4>(4, &FHD,R4 4 B@,2*84 & D"6@>Z, BD,*FH"&:b`V4, 4>H,D,F. % P,:@<, EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 B@:\2@&":Fb @H>@F4H,:\>@6 F&@$@*@6 B,D,*&40,>4b 4 4<,: *@FHJB 8 R"FH>Z< :4P"< 4 *DJ(4< :4P"<, BD,*FH"&:b`V4< 4>H,D,F, 2" >,8@H@DZ<4 2"F:J04&"`V4<4 JB@<4>">4b 4F8:`R,>4b<4, 8@H@DZ, $J*JH D"FF<@HD,>Z >40,. 7D@<, H@(@, EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 F&@,&D,<,>>@ B@:JR": &F` *@8J<,>H"P4`, 8@H@DJ` @> 2"BD"T4&": *@ F&@,(@ &424H", & N@*, 4 B@F:, >,(@. % ^H@6 F&b24 EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 N@H,: $Z &ZD"24H\ F&@` (:J$@8J` BD42>"H,:\>@FH\ BD"&4H,:\FH&J ;\b>4R,FH&@ & N@*, ,(@ B@F,V,>4b FHD">Z 4 2" BD,*@FH"&:,>4, ,L@D<"P44 4 D"2XbF>,>46. 20. % a>(@>, EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 &FHD,H4:Fb F@ F:,*J`V4<4 *@:0>@FH>Z<4 :4P"<4 BD"&4H,:\FH&: B,D&Z< F,8D,H"D,< 'E%A (,>,D":-:,6H,>">H@< 7N4> =\`>H@<; <4>4FHD@< 4>@FHD">>ZN *,: I ?> 'b@; 2"<,FH4H,:,< >"R":\>48" IBD"&:,>4b 8@>HDD"2&,*84 B@:8@&>48@< Q0@ %4>@<; <4>4FHD@< 4>L@D<"P44 $D4("*>Z< (,>,D":@< ;4@ G">H@<; (,>,D":\>Z< BD@8JD@D@< I G" GJ>@< 4 BD,*F,*"H,:,< %,DN@&>@(@ FJ*" I !J>( G@. % ;"&:"<4>, (;@>F8"b @$:"FH\) EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 &FHDeH4:Fb F 2"<,FH4H,:,< 8@<">*J`V,(@ `(@-&@FH@R>Z< &@,>>Z< @8DJ(@<, B@:8@&>48@< ;4" =4,6>@<; & ;">*":", (;">*":"6F8"b @$:"FH\) - F 8@<">*J`V4< P,>HD":\>Z< &@,>>Z< @8DJ(@< (,>,D":-<"6@D@< Q0@ GN">@< 4 & A"88@8NJ (@$:"FH\ ;"(J^) F 8@<">*J`V4< F,&,D@-2"B"*>Z< &@,>>Z< @8DJ(@< (,>,D":-<"6@D@< M:" ;\4> E&,.
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 9
21. % N@*, F&@,6 B@,2*84 & ;\b>Z6 *@8:"*R48 B@F,H4: F:,*J`V4, BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z, JRD,0*,>4b 4 @D(">42"P44: "*<4>4FHD"H4&>@, 2*">4, ;4>4FH,DFH&" &>JHD,>>4N *,:; H`D\F,6>, 4 ;">*":",; ="P4@>":\>Z6 7@>&,>H; J>4&,DF4H,HF846 (@D@*@8 & a>(@>, 4 )"(@>F846 J>4&,DF4H,H & )"(@> =\` G"J>T4B. 22. EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 H"80, &FHD,H4:Fb 4 4<,: $,F,*Z F BD,*FH"&4H,:b<4 F:,*J`V4N >"P4@>":\>ZN @D(">42"P46 4 JRD,0*,>46: !FF@P4"P44 B@ 2"V4H, <"H,D4 4 D,$,>8" ;\b>@FH4 4 D"2&4H4b E@`2"; ?$V,FH&" 7D"F>@(@ 7D,FH" ;\b>(@>F8@(@ J>4&,DF4H,H". 23. 11 >@b$Db 1994 (@*" EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 &FHD,H4:Fb F BD,*FH"&4H,:b<4 F:,*J`V4N B@:4H4R,F84N B"DH46, 8@H@DZ, BD4>4<"`H JR"FH4, & D"2D"$@H8, BD@,8H" >@&@6 8@>FH4HJP44 E@`2" ;\b>@< 8@>&,>H,: ="P4@>":\>@6 :4(4 2" *,<@8D"H4` (=9)); E@`2>@6 8"6,>F8@6 :4(4 4 A"DH44 >"P4@>":\>@(@ ,*4>FH&" (A=+). 24. A@F8@:\8J 4>L@D<"P4b 4 <>,>4b, F 8@H@DZ<4 @2>"8@<4:Fb EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 & N@*, F&@4N B@,2*@8 4 &FHD,R & ;\b><,, $J*JH BD4&,*,>Z >40, & F@@H&,HFH&J`V4N D"2*,:"N, EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 BD4&:,8",H &>4<">4, & >"FH@bV,< D"2*,:, 8 @F>@&>Z< "FB,8H"< &@BD@F@&, 2"HD@>JHZN & N@*, &ZT,JB@JHZN B@F,V,>46 4 &FHD,R. 1.
%FHD,R" F B,D&Z< F,8D,H"D,<
25. IHD@< 14 >@b$Db 1994 (@*" & 2*">44 <4>4FH,DFH&" @$@D@>Z B,D&Z6 F,8D,H"D\ 'E%A (,>,D":-:,6H,>">H 7N4> =\`>H BD4>b: EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48". ?>4 @$FJ0*":4 B@:4H4R,F84,, ^8@>@<4R,F84, 4 F@P4":\>Z, 42<,>,>4b 4 & N@*, @H8D@&,>>@6 4 BD@*@:04H,:\>@6 $,F,*Z @$<,>b:4F\ <>,>4b<4 B@ 4>H,D,FJ`V4< 4N &@BD@F"<, 4<,`V4< @H>@T,>4, 8 F@$:`*,>4` BD"& R,:@&,8" & ;\b><,. 26. A@ &@BD@FJ @$ @$V,6 B@:4H4R,F8@6 @D(">42"P44 (@FJ*"DFH&" (,>,D": 7N4> =\`>H B@bF>4:, RH@ 'E%A &2b: &:"FH\ & 1988 (@*J F P,:\` >, *@BJFH4H\ ">"DN44, 8@H@D"b @N&"H4:" FHD">J &@ &D,H@&, 4 &@FFH">@&4H\ @$FH">@&8J $,2@B"F>@FH4 *:b >"D@*" 4 @$,FB,R4H\ FH"$4:\>@FH\ & FHD">,, 8@H@D"b F@FH@4H 42 135 ^H>4R,F84N (DJBB. ',>,D": 7N4> =\`>H F8"2":, RH@ *:b *@FH40,>4b ,*4>FH&" & ;\b><, 'E%A @FJV,FH&:b,H BD@P,FF >"P4@>":\>@(@ BD4<4D,>4b, & 8@H@D@< >" 2"8@>>ZN @F>@&">4bN & >"FH@bV,, &D,4<"`H JR"FH4, F"@@$D"2>Z, (DJBBZ B@&FH">P,&, " ="P4@>":\>Z6 8@>&,>H 2">bH D"$@H@6, 8@H@D"b BD4&,*,H 8 &ZD"$@H8, >@&@6 *,6FH&,>>@6 8@>FH4HJP44 FHD">Z. ',>,D": 7N4> =\`>H 2"&,D4: EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48", RH@ 8"8 H@:\8@ $J*,H B@*(@H@&:,>" 4 BD4>bH" >@&"b 8@>FH4HJP4b, F@FH@bHFb &Z$@DZ 4 8 &:"FH4 BD4*,H (D"0*">F8@, BD"&4H,:\FH&@. QH@ 8"F",HFb FD@8" B,D,N@*" 8 (D"0*">F8@6 L@D<, BD"&:,>4b, (,>,D": 7N4> =\`>H 2"b&4:, RH@ ,V, >, BD4T:@ &D,8D,H>@ (@&@D4H\ @ H@<, 8@(*" $J*,H FL@D<4D@&">@ >@&@, (D"0*">F8@, BD"&4H,:\FH&@ >" @F>@&">44 H"8@6 8@>FH4HJP44. %<,FH, F H,< @> B@bF>4:, RH@ BD"&4H,:\FH&@ >"<,D,&",HFb 2"&,DT4H\ D"$@HJ & ="P4@>":\>@< 8@>&,>H, 8"8 <@0>@ F8@D,,, B@F8@:\8J D"FN@*Z >" ,(@ F@*,D0">4, & *,>\ F@FH"&:b`H B@:@&4>J <4::4@>" 8\bH. ?> B@bF>4: H"80,, RH@ *:b *@FH40,>4b ^H4N P,:,6 >,@$N@*4<@ &ZB@:>4H\ *&" @F>@&>ZN JF:@&4b: ") *@:0>" $ZH\ *@FH4(>JH" B@:4H4R,F8"b 4 F@P4":\>"b FH"$4:\>@FH\ 4 b) "E@`2" 8"8 <>@(@>"P4@>":\>@, (@FJ*"DFH&@ *@:0,> $ZH\ 2"V4V,> @H D"2DJT4H,:\>@6
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 10
*,24>H,(D"P44. ?> D,T4H,:\>@ B@*R,D8>J:, RH@ "D<4b >, >"<,D,&",HFb >"&F,(*" F@ND">bH\ 2" F@$@6 B@:4H4R,F8J` &:"FH\. 27. ',>,D": 7N4> =\`>H D"FF8"2": @ D"2:4R>ZN <,D@BD4bH4bN B@ F@P4":\>@^8@>@<4R,F8@Z, 8@H@DZ, $Z:4 @FJV,FH&:,>Z BD"&4H,:\FH&@< & BD@P,FF, >"P4@>":\>@(@ BD4<4D,>4b 4 &@FFH">@&:,>4b BD"&@B@Db*8" F@ &D,<,>4 ,(@ BD4N@*" 8 &:"FH4 & 1988 (@*J F P,:\` J:JRT4H\ 042>\ >"D@*" 4 B@<@R\ "&@2D@*4H\ >"P4@>":\>Z, RJ&FH&"", H.,. @$V4, RJ&FH&" BD4>"*:,0>@FH4 >"D@*" 8 F&@,6 FHD">, 4 FHD,<:,>4, B@FHD@4H\ 4 2"V4H4H\ (@FJ*"DFH&@. % ^H@6 F&b24 (,>,D": 7N4> =\`>H JB@J: @ D"2:4R>ZN BD@,8H"N, 8@H@DZ, $Z:4 >"R"HZ BD"&4H,:\FH&@<, >"BD4<,D FHD@4H,:\FH&@ *@D@(, <@FH@& 4 0,:,2>ZN *@D@(. ?> 2"b&4:, RH@ H"84, BD@,8HZ @FJV,FH&:b`HFb B@ &F,6 FHD">,, F H,< RH@$Z *@$4H\Fb D"2&4H4b &F,N D,(4@>@& 4 F@8D"H4H\ D"2DZ& <,0*J $@("HZ<4 4 $,*>Z<4 4 (@D@*F84<4 4 F,:\F84<4 D"6@>"<4. '@&@Db 8@>8D,H>@, & FHD">, J:JRT",HFb HD">FB@DH>"b F4FH,<", 4 BD"&4H,:\FH&@ BZH",HFb H"80, B@&ZF4H\ F,:\F8@N@2b6FH&,>>@, BD@42&@*FH&@ BJH,< FHD@4H,:\FH&" B:@H4> & FHD">,. 7"F"bF\ ^H4N BD@,8H@& D"2&4H4b, (,>,D": 7N4> =\`>H F8"2":, RH@ 8:,&,H>4R,F84, F@@$V,>4b @ BD4>J*4H,:\>@< HDJ*, b&:b`HFb :04&Z<4 4 D"FBD@FHD">b`HFb H,<4 :4P"<4, 8@H@DZ, >, N@HbH &4*,H\ ;\b>R,F84<4 (DJBB"<4. ?> 2"b&4:, RH@ >"D@* ;\b>@ JR"FH&J,H & @FJV,FH&:,>44 BD@,8H@& D"2&4H4b, FR4H"b, RH@ @> $J*,H B,D&Z<, 8H@ &@FB@:\2J,HFb D,2J:\H"H"<4 HDJ*" >" 2,<:, 4 &B@F:,*FH&44. ?> F@@$V4:, RH@ "D<4b H"80, BD4>4<",H JR"FH4, & @FJV,FH&:,>44 ^H4N BD@,8H@&, >"Db*J F 2"8:`R,>>Z<4, 8@H@DZ< 2" ^H@ F@8D"V",HFb FD@8 >"8"2">4b. 28. 7"F"bF\ @$V4N &@BD@F@& BD"& R,:@&,8", (,>,D": 7N4> =\`>H B@bF>4:, RH@ >"F,:,>4, ;\b>. R,:@&,8 4 :4T\ >,F8@:\8@ F@H,> R,:@&,8 8D4H48J`H B@:@0,>4, F BD"&"<4 R,:@&,8" & ^H@6 FHD">,, F@@$V"`H 4 BD,*FH"&:b`H L":\T4&J` 4>L@D<"P4`. 29. A@ &@BD@FJ @ BD4R4>"N F@*,D0">4b B@* *@<"T>4< "D,FH@< (-04 !J>( E"> EJ Q04 (,>,D": 7N4> =\`>H @H<,H4:, RH@ @>" b&:b,HFb *@R,D\` >"P4@>":\>@(@ (,D@b 4 &,D>J:"F\ & FHD">J B@F:, >,F8@:\84N :,H BD,$Z&">4b 2" (D">4P,6 H@:\8@ & 1988 (@*J, RH@$Z B@&4*"H\ F&@` $@:\>J` <"H\. ?>" >, $Z:" & FHD">, & H,R,>4, *:4H,:\>@(@ &D,<,>4, 4 B@^H@, <@0,H B@>bH\ F@P4":\>@-B@:4H4R,F8J` F4HJ"P4`, H.,. N"@F, F@2*"&",4FH"<4, 8@H@DZ, 2">4<":4 & FHD">, &,*JV,, B@:@0,>4, & 1988 (@*J, 4 B@ ^H@6 BD4R4>,, $J*JR4 &@&:,R,>>@6 & B@:4H48J, @>" >, F@2>"&":", RH@ ,` <">4BJ:4D@&":4 "8@<4FHZ". 1"H,< @>" F@(:"F4:"F\ &@2(:"&4H\ *&40,>4,, 8@H@D@, @8"2":@F\ >, & F@FH@b>44 &2bH\ B@* 8@>HD@:\ $J>HZ. ?H&,R"b >" 8@>8D,H>Z, &@BD@FZ EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48" 4 8"F"bF\ ,(@ BD@F\$ B@F,H4H\ ,,, (,>,D": 7N4> =\`>H 2"b&4:, RH@ F,6R"F >,B@*N@*bV46 <@<,>H *:b H"8@(@ &424H". A@F8@:\8J BD"&4H,:\FH&@ &FHD,R",HFb 4 BD@&@*4H @$FJ0*,>4b F >,6, @>@ >, N@H,:@ $Z 8"8@(@-:4$@ &<,T"H,:\FH&" & ^H@H *4":@(, 8@H@DZ6 BD@N@*4H & "N@D@T,6 "H<@FL,D," 4 @F>@&"> >" "&2"4<@B@>4<">44". ?> &ZD"24: >"*,0*J, RH@ EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 B@6<,H F:@04&T4,Fb @$FH@bH,:\FH&" 4 &F, "FB,8HZ $,2@B"F>@FH4 4 B@:4H4R,F84, 4 "*<4>4FHD"H4&>Z, &@BD@FZ, 8@H@DZ, F&b2">Z F H"84< D,T,>4,<. %@BD@F @ H@<, >"<,D,&",HFb :4 BD"&4H,:\FH&@ @F&@$@*4H\ ,, 20 4`:b 1995 (@*" & F@@H&,HFH&44 F 2"8@>@<, (,>,D": 7N4> =\`>H @H&,H4:, RH@ F,6R"F ,V, F:4T8@< D">@ (@&@D4H\ @$ ^H@< 4 RH@ D,T,>4, *@:0>@ $ZH\ BD4>bH@ E@&,H@< <4>4FHD@&, " H"80, >" JD@&>, 'E%A. A,D&Z6 F,8D,H"D\ 2"&,D4: EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48", RH@ 'E%A >"<,D,> 4 & $J*JV,< BD@*@:0"H\ F&@6 *4":@( F
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 11
(-0@6 !J>( E"> EJ Q04. 30. QH@ 8"F",HFb <,FH" &FHD,R B@:4H4R,F84N :4*,D@& F@ EB,P4":\>Z< *@8:"*R48@<, 8@H@DZ, *@:0>Z $Z:4 F@FH@bH\Fb & BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>@< *@<, BD4,<@& >,F<@HDb >" >"FH@6R4&J` BD@F\$J EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48" &FHD,H4H\Fb F >4<4 & ,(@ :4R>@6 D,24*,>P44 & ?H*,:,>44 ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 & a>(@>,, B,D&Z6 F,8D,H"D\ 2"b&4:, RH@ B@:4H4R,F84, *,bH,:4 4<,`H B@:>J` F&@$@*J DJ8 2">4<"H\Fb F&@,6 *,bH,:\>@FH\` 4 $,FBD,BbHFH&,>>@ ,2*4H\ B@ FHD">, F D"2D,T,>4b BD"&4H,:\FH&". %<,FH, F H,< 4< >,:\2b B@2&@:bH\ >"DJT"H\ <4D 4 FB@8@6FH&4, 4:4 F@2*"&"H\ $,FB@Db*84. #J*JR4 BD"&4H,:\FH&@<, 'E%A @$b2"> BD4>4<"H\ &@ &>4<">4, P,:Z6 Db* @$FH@bH,:\FH&, H.,. ^8@>@<4R,F84, 4 B@:4H4R,F84, &@BD@FZ, &8:`R"b &@BD@FZ $,2@B"F>@FH4. 3<,>>@ & F&b24 F ^H4< @> @BD"&*Z&": "D,FHZ BbH4 "8H4&4FH@& @BB@24P44, 8@H@DZ, BD@42@T:4 & B,D4@* F 4`:b B@ @8Hb$D\ 1994 (@*". ?> *@$"&4:, RH@, F H,< RH@$Z B@>bH\ B@:@0,>4, & @$:"FH4 BD"& R,:@&,8" & FHD">,, ^H@ B@:@0,>4, F:,*J,H D"FF<"HD4&"H\ & @$V4N D"<8"N, @ 8@H@DZN @> D"FF8"2":; >"D@* >, B@*&,D(",HFb 0,FH@84< D,BD,FF4b<. 31. QH@ 8"F",HFb F@HDJ*>4R,FH&" F ;,0*J>"D@*>Z< 8@<4H,H@< 7D"F>@(@ 7D,FH" (;777), B,D&Z6 F,8D,H"D\ J8"2":, RH@ <,<@D">*J< @ B@>4<">44 F ;777 &>4<"H,:\>@ D"FF<"HD4&",HFb 4 RH@ & >"*:,0"V,, &D,bH4, B@:@04H,:\>@(@ D,T,>4b. 32. ',>,D": 7N4> =\`>H 2"8@>R4: &FHD,RJ, 2"b&4&, RH@ BD"&4H,:\FH&@ BZH",HFb @$,FB,R4H\ B@:4H4R,F8@,, ^8@>@<4R,F8@, 4 F@P4":\>@, D"2&4H4, FHD">Z 4 RH@, N@Hb &FHD,R"`HFb BD@$:,4 $J*JH BD,@*@:,>Z. =,:\2b B@2&@:4H\, RH@$Z FHD">Z $Z:" D"2DJT,>" 4:4 D"FB":"F\. AD"&4H,:\FH&@ $J*,H BD@*@:0"H\ BD4>4<"H\ <,DZ & F@@H&,HFH&44 F 2"8@>@< BD@H4& :`$@6 *,bH,:\>@FH4, >"BD"&:,>>@6 >" D"2DJT,>4, FHD">Z 4 ,, ,*4>FH&". 2.
%FHD,R" F <4>4FHD@< 4>@FHD">>ZN *,:
33. ;4>4FHD 4>@FHD">>ZN *,: I ?> 'b@ BD4>b: EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48" 8 >@b$Db 1994 (@*". %@ &D,Z D"2:4R>Z, &@BD@FZ, F&b2">>Z, F @FJV,FH&:,>4,< <">*"H" EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48". 34. ;4>4FHD 4>@FHD">>ZN *,: D"FF8"2": @ F@HDJ*>4R,FH&, BD"&4H,:\FH&" ;\b>42"P4,6 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 4 F@ EB,P4":\>Z< *@8:"*R48@<, 8@H@D@" B@<@V\ & @FJV,FH&:,>44 ,(@ 2"*"R 4 $Z:4 &ZB@:>,>Z ,(@ BD@F\$Z, >,F<@HDb >" H@, RH@ BD"&4H,:\FH&@ >, F@(:"F4:@F\ F D,2@:`P4,6 7@<4FF44 B@ BD"&"< R,:@&,8". 7"F"bF\ BD@F\$Z EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48" @ &FHD,R, F (-0@6 !J>( E"> EJ Q04, <4>4FHD @H&,H4:, RH@ BD"&4H,:\FH&@ ;\b>, <@0,H J*@&:,H&@D4H\ &F, BD@F\$Z, F 8@H@DZ<4 @$D"V"`HFb D"2:4R>Z, :4R>@FH4, 0,:"`V4, &FHD,H4H\Fb F (-0@6 !J>( E"> EJ Q04; & BD@H4&>@< F:JR", ^H@ $Z: $Z "F&@,(@ D@*" P4D8". ?> B@bF>4: *:4H,:\>Z6 BD@P,FF, F 8@H@DZ< BD4T:@F\ FH@:8>JH\Fb 8@>(D,FF<,>J E@,*4>,>>ZN SH"H@& %4:\bJ 4 *-DJ C,&"H, )N"<<", $4D<">F8@"NJ, & 4N B@BZH8"N &FHD,H4H\Fb F >,6, 4 *@$"&4:, RH@ (-0" !J>( E"> EJ Q04 8"8 4>*4&4*JJ< 4<,,H BD"&@ @H8"2"H\Fb &FHD,R"H\Fb F :`*\<4. 35. QH@ 8"F",HFb JH&,D0*,>46 @ >"DJT,>4bN BD"& R,:@&,8" & F&b24 F BD4>J*4H,:\>Z<4 D"$@H"<4 & 8"R,FH&, (DJ2R48@&, <4>4FHD 4>@FHD">>ZN *,: @H&,D( H"84, JH&,D0*,>4b, 2"b&4&,
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 12
RH@ @>4 b&:b`HFb B@:>@FH\` :04&Z<4. E@(:"F>@ ,(@ 4>L@D<"P44, <,FH>Z, 04H,:4, $J*JR4 4FH4>>Z<4 $J**4FH"<4, *@$D@&@:\>@ BD,*:"("`H F&@4 JF:J(4 & N@*, @FJV,FH&:,>4b D"2:4R>ZN BD@,8H@& D"2&4H4b FHD">Z. G"84, (D"0*">, >, BD@FbH *"0, *,>,0>@6 @B:"HZ F&@,(@ HDJ*", B@F8@:\8J @>4 FR4H"`H ^H@ @F8@D$:,>4,<. 36. A,D,N@*b 8 &@BD@FJ @ D"$@H, ="P4@>":\>@(@ 8@>&,>H" 4 @ D"2D"$@H8, 8@>FH4HJP44, $Z:@ @H<,R,>@, RH@ B,D&@@R,D,*>@, &>4<">4, $J*,H J*,:bH\Fb &@BD@F"< >"P4@>":\>@(@ BD4<4D,>4b 4 @$,FB,R,>4b <4D>ZN @H>@T,>46 <,0*J &F,<4 D"F"<4 FHD">Z, *:b H@(@ RH@$Z @$,FB,R4H\ 8@>F,>FJF & FHD">, 4 BD@R>Z6 E@`2. 7@(*" EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 FBD@F4:, 4<,,H :4 8"0*Z6 *,:,("H ="P4@>":\>@(@ 8@>&,>H" H,8FH %F,@$V,6 *,8:"D"P44 BD"& R,:@&,8" >" $4D<">F8@< b2Z8, & F&b24 F @$FJ0*,>4,< &@BD@F" @ $J*JV,6 8@>FH4HJP44, <4>4FHD @H&,H4:, RH@ >,&@2<@0>@ D"FBD,*,:4H\ ^H@H H,8FH FD,*4 700 *,:,("H@&, N@Hb H,8FH ),8:"D"P44 >" ">(:46F8@< b2Z8, 4<,,HFb & $4$:4@H,8, 7@>&,>H". 3.
%FHD,R" F 2"<,FH4H,:,< >"R":\>48" IBD"&:,>4b 8@>HDD"2&,*84
37. %@ &H@D@6 B@:@&4>, *>b 10 >@b$Db 1994 (@*" EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 &FHD,H4:Fb F B@:8@&>48@< Q0@ %4>@<, 2"<,FH4H,:,< >"R":\>48" IBD"&:,>4b 8@>HDD"2&,*84. % N@*, ^H@6 &FHD,R4 $Z:4 @$FJ0*,>Z D"2:4R>Z, &@BD@FZ, F&b2">>Z, F <">*"H@< EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48". 38. A@:8@&>48 Q0@ %4> B@bF>4: EB,P4":\>@@&>"b P,:\ >Z>,T>,(@ BD"&4H,:\FH&" F@FH@4H & @$,FB,R,>44 *,<@8D"H44 & FHD">,. ?> *@$"&4:, RH@ ^HJ P,:\ >,:\2b @FJV,FH&4H\, >, @$,FB,R4& FH"$4:\>@FH\ & FHD">,. % ^H@6 F&b24 B,D&@@R,D,*>@, &>4<">4, J*,:b,HFb &@BD@F"< >"P4@>":\>@(@ BD4<4D,>4b 4 ^8@>@<4R,F8@(@ D"2&4H4b. 39. 7"F"bF\ &@BD@F" B@:4H4R,F8@6 FH"$4:\>@FH4, B@:8@&>48 Q0@ %4> F@@$V4: EB,P4":\>@, &F, ,V, 4<,`HFb HD4 "B@&FH">R,F84N" (DJBBZ (7"D,>F846 >"P4@>":\>Z6 F@`2 (7=E7); ;@>F8"b LD"8P4b 4 7"b>F8"b B"DH4b >"P4@>":\>@(@ ,*4>FH&" (7A=+)), 8@H@DZ, >, BD4>4<"`H JR"FH4b & D"$@H, ="P4@>":\>@(@ 8@>&,>H". 40. 7"F"bF\ ^8@>@<4R,F8@(@ D"2&4H4b, B@:8@&>48 Q0@ %4> B@*D@$>@ D"FF8"2": EB,P4":\>@JH & ^H@6 @$:"FH4, " H"80, @ D"2:4R>ZN BD@,8H"N D"2&4H4b, @FJV,FH&:b,"FH@bV,, &D,,. ?> *@$"&4:, RH@, ,F:4 J >"D@*" ;\b>, $J*,H B4V4, @*,0*Z 4 04:4V", >,R,(@ $J*,H (@&@D4H\ @ BD"&"N R,:@&,8" & FHD">,. 41. A,D,N@*b 8 JH&,D0*,>4b< @ >"DJT,>4bN BD"& R,:@&,8" & F&b24 F BD4>J*4H,:\>@6 D"$@H@6 & 8"R,FH&, >@F4:\V48@& 4 BD4>J*4H,:\>Z< HDJ*@<, B@:8@&>48 Q0@ %4> 2"b&4:, RH@ ^H4 @$&4>,>4b @H>@FbHFb (:"&>Z< @$D"2@< 8 D"6@>"<, & 8@H@DZN (DJBBZ B@&FH">P,& &,*JH $@D\$J BD@H4& <\b><">F8@6 "D<44. G"8"b L":\T4&"b 4>L@D<"P4b B@FH"&:b,HFb B@&FH">P"<4 F P,:\` @B@D@R4H\ BD"&4H,:\FH&@. 4.
%FHD,R" F <4>4FHD@< 4>L@D<"P44
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 13
42. %@ &H@D@6 B@:@&4>, *>b 11 >@b$Db 1994 (@*" EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 &FHD,H4:Fb F <4>4FHD@< 4>L@D<"P44, $D4("*>Z< (,>,D":@< ;4@ G">@<, " H"80, F R:,>"<4 7@<4H,H" B@ 4>L@D<"P44, BD,*F,*"H,:,< 8@H@D@(@ b&:b,HFb <4>4FHD. #,F,*" 8"F":"F\, & @F>@&>@<, BD@P,FF" *,<@8D"H42"P44 4, & R"FH>@FH4, D"$@HZ ="P4@>":\>@(@ 8@>&,>H". AD,0*, &F,(@ <4>4FHD D"FF8"2": @$ ^H@< BD@P,FF,, F@@$V4: F@FH"& *,:,("H@& & ="P4@>":\>Z6 8@>&,>H 4 B@*R,D8>J: *@FH40,>4b 8"0*@6 F,FF44 ="P4@>":\>@(@ 8@>&,>H" >"R4>"b F 7 b>&"Db 1993 (@*" *@ >"FH@bV4N *>,6. 43. QH@ 8"F",HFb BD,*:@0,>4b, 8@H@D@, F*,:": EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 & BD@T:@< (@*J, @ H@<, RH@$Z 8"0*Z6 *,:,("H ="P4@>":\>@(@ 8@>&,>H" B@:JR4: H,8FH %F,@$V,6 *,8:"D"P44 BD"& R,:@&,8" >" $4D<">F8@< b2Z8, & F&b24 F D"2D"$@H8@6 $J*JV,6 8@>FH4HJP44, H@, N@Hb <4>4FHD F@(:"F4:Fb F ^H4< BD,*:@0,>4,< EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48" 4 B@:JR4: "JH,>H4R>Z6 H,8FH %F,@$V,6 *,8:"D"P44 BD"& R,:@&,8" >" ">(:46F8@< b2Z8, &<,FH, F >,@L4P4":\>Z< B,D,&@*@< >" $4D<">F846 b2Z8, H,8FH ),8:"D"P44 >, $Z: D"FBD@FHD">,> FD,*4 *,:,("H@& ="P4@>":\>@(@ 8@>&,>H", >,F<@HDb >" *@(@&@D,>>@FH\. ;4>4FHD F8"2": EB,P4":\>@&,>H" 4<,,HFb H,8FH H@:\8@ >" ">(:46F8@< b2Z8,. 44. ;4>4FHD BD,*FH"&4: *@B@:>4H,:\>@ @F>@&>J` 4>L@D<"P4` B@ F:,*J`V4< &@BD@F"<: a) >":4R4, 4>@FHD">>ZN ("2,H 4 0JD>":@& & a>(@>,; b) B@*(@H@&8" FHD">Z 8 BD"2*>@&">4` & 1996 (@*J '@*" HJD42<" ('@* B@F,V,>4b ;\b>":4R4, @F>@&>ZN H@&"D@& 4 P,>Z >" >4N; 4 e) R4F:@ B@:4H4R,F84N :4*,D@&, &F, ,V, >"N@*bV4NFb B@* FHD"0,6 4:4 & H`D\<,. 5.
%FHD,R4 F ',>,D":\>Z< BD@8JD@D@< 4 AD,*F,*"H,:,< %,DN@&>@(@ FJ*"
45. A@F:, &FHD,R4 F AD,*F,*"H,:,< %,DN@&>@(@ FJ*" !J>( G@ JHD@< 15 >@b$Db 1994 (@*" EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 &FHD,H4:Fb F ',>,D":\>Z< BD@8JD@D@< I G" GJ>@<. % N@*, $,F,*Z F AD,*F,*"H,:,< %,DN@&>@(@ FJ*" $Z:4 @$FJ0*,>Z &@BD@FZ >,*"&>4N FJ*,$>ZN BD@P,FF@& >"* B@:4H4R,F84<4 :4*,D"<4, D"$@HZ ="P4@>":\>@(@ 8@>&,>H" (BD,*F,*"H,:,< 8@H@D@(@ b&:b,HFb AD,*F,*"H,:\ %,DN@&>@(@ FJ*"), " H"80, >,8@H@DZ, &@BD@FZ 2"8@>@*"H,:\>@6 D,L@D@(@ FJ*" >, @H&,R",H, N@Hb 2>",H @ >,6, $J*JR4 R:,>@< 7@<4FF44 B@ B,D,F<@HDJ 2"8@>@*"H,:\FH&", F@2*">>@6 BD"&4H,:\FH&@<). 46. #,F,*" F ',>,D":\>Z< BD@8JD@D@< I G" GJ>@< 8"F":"F\ & @F>@&>@< >@&@(@ 2"8@>@*"H,:\FH&", & R"FH>@FH4 D,L@D<">F8@(@ 2"8@>@*"H,:\FH&", 2" 8@H@DJ` ',>,D":\>Z6 BD@8JD@D >,F,H @BD,*,:,>>J` @H&,HFH&,>>@FH\, 8"8 B@ D@*J F&@4N F:J0,$>ZN @$b2">>@FH,6, H"8 4 & 8"R,FH&, BD,*F,*"H,:b 7@<4FF44 B@ B,D,F<@HDJ 2"8@>@*"H,:\FH&". 47. % @H&,H >" &@BD@FZ EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48" @H>@F4H,:\>@ F@HDJ*>4R,FH&" <,0*J BD"&4H,:\FH&@< ;\b>,D":\>Z6 BD@8JD@D F@@$V4: ,<">F84, &:"FH4 &F, ,V, 42JR"`H BD@,8H <,<@D">*J<" @ B@>4<">44 F P,:\` @BD,*,:4H\ ,(@ B@F:,*FH&4b *:b FJ&,D,>4H,H" FHD">Z 4 JFH">@&4H\ ,(@ F@@H&,HFH&4, >"P4@>":\>@@*"H,:\FH&J. ',>,D":\>Z6 BD@8JD@D F@@$V4: H"80, EB,P4":\>@44 2"*"R4 B@ D"FBD@FHD">,>4` 2>">46 &
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 14
&@@DJ0,>>ZN F4:"N @ <,0*J>"D@*>@< (J<">4H"D>@< BD"&,. % ^H4N P,:bN ;777 @D(">42@&": & "BD,:, 1993 (@*" &&@*>Z6 HD,N*>,&>Z6 8JDF *:b 27 BD,*FH"&4H,:,6 &ZFT,(@ 8@<">*>@(@ F@FH"&" <\b><">F84N F4: @$@D@>Z. AbH4*>,&>Z6 8JDF *:b B@:,&ZN 8@<">*4D@& $Z: BD@&,*,> & a>(@>, & >@b$D, 1993 (@*". +(@ BD@F:JT":4 30 @L4P,D@&. S,FH4*>,&>Z6 BD"8H4R,F846 F,<4>"D *:b 8JDF">H@& <\b><">F84N F4: @$@D@>Z F@FH@b:Fb & >"R":, >@b$Db 1994 (@*". 6.
%FHD,R" F :4*,D"<4 B@:4H4R,F84N B"DH46
48. % B,D&@6 B@:@&4>, *>b 11 >@b$Db 1994 (@*" EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 &FHD,H4:Fb F BD,*FH"&4H,:b<4 HD,N B@:4H4R,F84N B"DH46, BD4>4<"`V4N JR"FH4, & D"$@H, ="P4@>":\>@(@ 8@>&,>H", " 4<,>>@ F BD,*FH"&4H,:b<4 ="P4@>":\>@6 :4(4 2" *,<@8D"H4` (=9)), A"DH44 >"P4@>":\>@(@ ,*4>FH&" (A=+) 4 E@`2>@6 8"b>F8@6 :4(4. 7"8 4 & BD@T:@< (@*J, >,F<@HDb >" J$,*4H,:\>J` BD@F\$J EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48" &FHD,H4H\Fb F >4<4 & R"FH>@< B@Db*8, & ,(@ D,24*,>P44 & ?H*,:,>44 ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 & a>(@>,, ^H4 &FHD,R4 $Z:4 @D(">42@&">Z & *@<, BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>ZN BD4,<@& (3>\b C@J*, 36). ;,FH@ BD@&,*,>4b 4 "H<@FL,D" &FHD,R, @R,&4*>@, >, FB@F@$FH&@&":4 F&@$@*>@,BD4>J0*,>>@J <>,>4b<4. 7D@<, H@(@, BD,*FH"&4H,:4 @*>@6 B"DH44 F8"2":4 EB,P4":\>@Z< *@8:"*R48@< H@:\8@ 2" HD4 R"F" *@ &FHD,R4. 49. E>"R":" EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 &FHD,H4:Fb F *&J( E&, 4 R:,>@< O,>HD":\>@(@ 4FB@:>4H,:\>@(@ 8@<4H,H" I G"> GJ>@<. ?>4 F@@$V4:4, RH@ 8 >@b$D` 1994 (@*" ="P4@>":\>Z6 8@>&,>H F@(:"F@&": HD4 D"2*,:" 16 (:"& $J*JV,6 >@&@6 8@>FH4HJP44. ),:,("HZ =9) F@@$V4:4 EB,P4":\>@FH&@ 4N BD,*:@0,>46 & ="P4@>":\>@< 8@>&,>H, BD4>bHZ >, $Z:4 2" @R,>\ >,$@:\T4< 4F8:`R,>4,<. % ^H@< BD@P,FF, BD4 &@2>48>@&,>44 8"84N-:4$@ D"2>@(:"F46, 8@H@DZ, *@:0>Z D,T"H\Fb BJH,< @$FJ0*,>46, B@24P4b =9) >48@(*" >, BD4>4<",HFb &@ &>4<">4,. 3N B"DH4b BD@F4H &8:`R4H\ & >@&J` 8@>FH4HJP4` B@:@0,>4b @ BD"&"N R,:@&,8", 4 @>4 >"*,`HFb, RH@ BD"&4H,:\FH&@ BD4<,H ^H@ BD,*:@0,>4,. 50. AD,*FH"&4H,:4 =9) F@@$V4:4 H"80, EB,P4":\>@@(@ 8@>&,>H" >, D"2D,T",HFb BJ$:48@&"H\ 4:4 D"FBD@FHD">bH\ 8"84,-:4$@ *@8J<,>HZ 4:4 $`::,H,>4. %@ &D,4 <@(JH 2"R4HZ&"H\ 2"b&:,>4b, 8@H@DZ, $Z:4 2"D">,, @*@$D,>Z BD,*F,*"H,:,< (DJBBZ. 7@(*" R:,>Z =9) BZH":4F\ @D(">42@&"H\ B@ &F,6 FHD">, F@$D">4b, RH@$Z &FHD,H4H\Fb F <,FH>Z< >"F,:,>4,<, 4< BD4T:@F\ FBD"T4&"H\ J BD"&4H,:\FH&" D"2D,T,>4b. C"2D,T,>4,, 8"8 BD"&4:@, &Z*",HFb, N@Hb 4 >, &F,(*". ="BD4<,D, & @$:"FH4 C"8N"6> DJ8@&@*4H,:4 =9) N@H,:4 &FHD,H4H\Fb F <,FH>Z<4 04H,:b<4, RH@$Z D"FF8"2"H\ 4< @ D"$@H,, 8@H@D"b BD@N@*4H & ="P4@>":\>@< 8@>&,>H,, @*>"8@ BD"&4H,:\FH&@ >, *":@ D"2D,T,>4b >" H"8J` &FHD,RJ. % :`$@< F:JR", >, D"2D,T",HFb @D(">42@&Z&"H\ <4H4>(4, >" 8@H@DZN BD4FJHFH&@&":@ $Z $@:,, 50 R,:@&,8. AD,*F,*"H,:\ =9) H"80, F@@$V4:, RH@ HD4 (@*" H@"2"* BD"&4H,:\FH&@ F@@$V4:@ , >, <@0,H &Z,20"H\ 2" BD,*,:Z a>(@>" $,2 D"2D,T,>4b F@ FH@D@>Z <,FH>@(@ F@&,H". ),:,("HZ =9) 2"b&4:4, RH@ B@:@0,>4, F@ F&@$@*@6 B,D,*&40,>4b, &ZD"0,>4b <>,>46 4 "FF@P4"P44 >,<>@(@ J:JRT4:@F\ B@ FD"&>,>4` F BD,*Z*JV4<4 (@*"<4, N@Hb F,D\,2>Z, >"DJT,>4b ^H4N @F>@&>ZN BD"& R,:@&,8" B@-BD,0>,,.
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 15
51. ),:,("HZ =9) F@(:"F4:4F\ F H,<, RH@ ;\b><" & >"FH@bV,, &D,LD"FHDJ8HJDJ 4 RH@ D"FHJH H"84, (@D@*", 8"8 a>(@> 4 ;">*":"6. %<,FH, F H,< ^H@ D"2&4H4, >, 8"0*@" B@:\2J: $@("HZ, FH">@&bHFb ,V, $@("R,, " $,*>Z, 4FBZHZ&"`H &F, $@:\T4, FHD"*">4b. ?>4 F@@$V4:4 @ F&@,6 @2"$@R,>>@FH4 & F&b24 F BD@$:,<@6 B,D,<,V,>4b :`*,6 42 F&@4N *@<@& &@ &>@&\ B@FHD@,>>Z, (@D@*", *:b H@(@ RH@$Z @$,FB,R4H\ B:@V"*4 B@* >@&@, FHD@4H,:\FH&@. ?>4 2"8@>R4:4 @$FJ0*,>4, &@BD@F@& ^8@>@<484, 2"b&4&, RH@ ^8@>@<48" & ;\b><, $J*,H D"2&4&"H\Fb, @*>"8@ >"D@* $J*,H 4FBZHZ&"H\ @(D@<>Z, :4T,>4b, 4 4<,>>@ B@ ^H@6 BD4R4>, @>4 BD@FbH ?D(">42"P4` ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 4 <,0*J>"D@*>Z, >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>Z, @D(">42"P44 @8"2"H\ B@<@V\ >"D@*J ;\b>>@ *,Hb< 4 0,>V4>"<, 8@H@DZ, 4FBZHZ&"`H >"4$@:\TJ` >J0*J. 52. ),:,("HZ F@@$V4:4 EB,P4":\>@@ @ &FHD,R"N BD,*FH"&4H,:,6 'E%A F (-0@6 !J>( E"> EJ Q04 42 FD,*FH& <"FF@&@6 4>L@D<"P44. ?>4 &ZD"24:4 >"*,0*J >" H@, RH@ &F8@D, & ^H@< *,:, $J*JH *@FH4(>JHZ @BD,*,:,>>Z, D,2J:\H"HZ, >@ 2"b&4:4 @ F&@,6 @2"$@R,>>@FH4 & F&b24 F H,<, RH@, B@F8@:\8J @>" &ZFHJB",H @*>", @>" >, F<@0,H &,FH4 >"*:,0"V4, B,D,(@&@DZ F 'E%A >" BD@Hb0,>44 *:4H,:\>@(@ B,D4@*". 53. EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 &FHD,H4:Fb F *&J"P4@>":\>@(@ ,*4>FH&" (A=+): R:,>@< O,>HD":\>@(@ 4FB@:>4H,:\>@(@ 8@<4H,H" I Q4 M:",< 4 R:,>@< F,8D,H"D4"H" I G4>:"HH@<. A"DH4b >"P4@>":\>@(@ ,*4>FH&" &@2>48:" 42 $Z&T,6 A"DH44 $4D<">F8@6 F@P4":4FH4R,F8@6 BD@(D"<,>4` JB@JHZN BD,*FH"&4H,:,6, D"$@H" & ="P4@>":\>@< 8@>&,>H, BD@N@*4H JFB,T>@ 4 J0, FL@DZ @F>@&>Z, BD4>P4BZ 8@>FH4HJP44. % >"FH@bV,, &D,&,>H 2">bH D"2D"$@H8@6 FH"H,6 >" @F>@&, ^H4N BD4>P4B@&. 7D"6>46 FD@8 D"2D"$@H84 BD@,8H" >@&@6 8@>FH4HJP44 >, JFH">@&:,>. % ="P4@>":\>@< 8@>&,>H, @H A=+ BD,*FH"&:,>Z &@F,<\ *,:,("H@& (BbH\ @H B"DH44 4 HD4 @H &Z$@D>ZN BD,*FH"&4H,:,6), 4 >" 8"0*@6 F,FF44 *,:,("HZ &>@FbH D"2:4R>Z, BD,*:@0,>4b. ?*>"8@ *@ >"FH@bV,(@ &D,<,>4 @>4 >, BD4FHJB4:4 8 @$FJ0*,>4` @F>@&>ZN &@BD@F@&. ="BD4<,D, A=+ BD,*B@R4H",H B"D:"<,>HF8J` F4FH,4b, B@F8@:\8J >"D@* ;\b>"8@< F >,6, >"R4>"b F B,D4@*" $D4H">F8@(@ BD"&:,>4b. %<,FH, F H,< $@:\T4>FH&@ *,:,("H@& & ="P4@>":\>@< 8@>&,>H, &ZFHJB"`H 2" BD,24*,>HF8J` F4FH,4b. A@ ^H@6 BD4R4>, *,:,("HZ A=+ J&"0"`H D,T,>4, $@:\T4>FH&". EB,P4":\>@FH4HJP4` $J*JH &8:`R,>Z B@:@0,>4b @ BD"&"N R,:@&,8". 54. ),:,("HZ A=+ H"80, F@@$V4:4 EB,P4":\>@@ &ZBJF8"H\ ,0,<,FbR>@ $`::,H,>\, & 8@H@D@< D"FF8"2Z&",HFb @ ,, *,bH,:\>@FH4, @ D"$@H, ="P4@>":\>@(@ 8@>&,>H" 4 @ >"DJT,>4bN BD"& R,:@&,8", " H"80, $D@T`DZ B@ &@BD@F"< B@:4H4R,F8@(@ @$D"2@&">4b. A"DH4b <@0,H D"FBD@FHD">bH\ ^H4 BJ$:48"P44 FD,*4 F&@4N R:,>@&, >@ >, & ="P4@>":\>@< 8@>&,>H,. ?>4 H"80, <@(JH @D(">42@&Z&"H\ <4H4>(4 & FHD">,, 2" 4F8:`R,>4,< >,8@H@DZN D"6@>@& B@ BD4R4>"<, F&b2">>Z< F $,2@B"F>@FH\`. 55. 7"F"bF\ 8@>H"8H@& <,0*J (-0@6 !J>( E"> EJ Q04 4 BD,*FH"&4H,:b<4 'E%A, *,:,("HZ A=+ &ZD"24:4 >"*,0*J, RH@ ^H4 8@>H"8HZ *"*JH 8@>8D,H>Z, D,2J:\H"HZ, 4 & H@ 0, &D,4N >,H B@24P44 B@ ^H@,>4`, (-0" !J> E"> EJ Q04 B:@N@ 2>":" FHD">J, 8@(*" &,D>J:"F\ & ;\b>,F8@:\84N :,H
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 16
@HFJHFH&4b. ?>4 *@$"&4:4, RH@, 8@(*" (-0" !J> E"> EJ Q04 @8"2":"F\ 2"<,T">>@6 & B@:4H48J, @>" F BD,*&2bH@FH\` B@>4<":" F4HJ"P4`, B@F8@:\8J B@:JR":" >,&,D>J` 4>L@D<"P4` 4 ,` <">4BJ:4D@&":4. ?>4 &ZD"24:4 >"*,0*J, RH@ *,:,("P4b 'E%A, 8@H@D"b *@:0>" $J*,H BD@&,FH4 F >,6 &FHD,RJ, F<@0,H 42<,>4H\ ,, &2(:b*Z. 56. ),:,("HZ A=+ F@@$V4:4 EB,P4":\>@@<4R,F8@, B@:@0,>4, & FHD">, J:JRT",HFb, @F@$,>>@ & F,:\F8@< N@2b6FH&,, (*, J&,:4R4:@F\ BD@42&@*FH&@ BD@*J8P44 4 (*, $Z: *@FH4(>JH 2>"R4H,:\>Z6 BD@(D,FF, @F@$,>>@ & 2"FJT:4&ZN D"6@>"N FHD">Z. ?>4 N@H,:4 $Z &4*,H\ H"8@6 0, BD@(D,FF & BD@>@< BD@42&@*FH&, 4 H@D(@&:, - @$:"FHbN, & 8@H@DZN <>@(@ ,V, BD,*FH@4H F*,:"H\. 57. ),:,("HZ A=+ 2"&,DT4:4 &FHD,RJ, 2"b&4&, RH@ >,F8@:\8@ R:,>@& 4N B"DH44 &N@*4:4 & F@FH"& BD"&4H,:\FH&" 4 @>4 B@>4<"`H, >"F8@:\8@ Hb0,:@ JBD"&:bH\ FHD">@6, @F@$,>>@ B@F:, F@$ZH46, BD@4FT,*T4N & 1988 (@*J. 58. EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 &FHD,H4:Fb F *&J@6 8"b>F8@6 :4(4: BD,*F,*"H,:,< I ;" 4 F@&<,FH>Z< F,8D,H"D,< I ;"> G"> ;"J>(@<. ]H4 BD,*FH"&4H,:4 2"b&4:4, RH@ (DJBB", & F@FH"& 8@H@D@6 &N@*bH A&@ 7"b> 4 E"& 7"b>, b&:b,HFb ,*4>FH&,>>@6 8"b>F8@6 (DJBB@6, BD42>"&",<@6 'E%A. ]H" (DJBB" $Z:" F@2*">" & 1988 (@*J, 4 BbH\ ,, R:,>@& F&@$@*>@ BD4FJHFH&J`H >" F@&,V">4bN, @D(">42J,@(@ 8@>&,>H"; R4F:@ R:,>@& ^H@6 (DJBBZ F@FH"&:b,H BD4<,D>@ 50 000 R,:@&,8. AD,*FH"&4H,:4 94(4 2"b&4:4, RH@ D"$@H" ="P4@>":\>@(@ 8@>&,>H" BD@N@*4H >, H"8 $ZFHD@, 8"8 4< N@H,:@F\ $Z, @*>"8@ ^H@ :JRT,, R,< FB,T8", B@F8@:\8J 4<,,HFb J>48":\>"b &@2<@0>@FH\ *@FH4R\ :JRT,(@ &2"4<@B@>4<">4b FD,*4 &F,N (DJBB, BD,*FH"&:b`V4N >"F,:,>4, FHD">Z. 59. ?>4 F@@$V4:4 EB,P4":\>@FH&@ 8"D,>@& & ;\b><, b&:b`HFb $,*>Z<4 8D,FH\b>"<4, BD@04&"`V4<4 & *,D,&>bN. A@*"&:b`V,, $@:\T4>FH&@ 42 >4N b&:b,HFb $J**4FH"<4 (85%), @FH":\>Z, - ND4FH4">"<4 (15%). 94(" >, D"FB@:"(",H 8"8@6:4$@ 4>L@D<"P4,6 @H>@F4H,:\>@ B@&FH">P,&, BD@04&"`V4N & BD4(D">4R>@6 F G"4:">*@< 7"D,>F8@6 @$:"FH4, 4 @>" >, B@**,D04&",H F >4<4 >48"84N F&b2,6. 60. QH@ 8"F",HFb ^8@>@<4R,F8@(@ B@:@0,>4b, @>4 F@@$V4:4 EB,P4":\>@@R>"b ^8@>@<48" 42<,>4:" F@P4":4FH4R,F8J` F4FH,Z @BD,*,:b:4F\ (@FJ*"DFH&@<, " >, F&@$@*>Z< DZ>8@<. A@ ^H@6 BD4R4>, D"FHJH P,>Z, " >"D@* 0":J,HFb. ?>4 &ZD"24:4 >"*,0*J >" H@, RH@ & JF:@&4bN F&@$@*>@6 8@>8JD,>P44 $J*,H JFH">@&:,> F&@,@$D"2>Z6 <,N">42< D,(J:4D@&">4b 4 P,>Z F>42bHFb. %@ &F,N *DJ(4N @H>@T,>4bN @>4 FR4H":4, RH@ BD"&4H,:\FH&@ BD,*BD4>4<",H 4>H,>F4&>Z, JF4:4b F P,:\` J:JRT4H\ B@:@0,>4, BJH,< @FJV,FH&:,>4b F"@@$D"2>ZN BD@(D"<< D"2&4H4b. 7.
A@F,V,>4, <">*":"6F8@6 H`D\
61. %@ &H@D@6 B@:@&4>, *>b 12 >@b$Db 1994 (@*" EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 B@F,H4: >,*"&>@ B@FHD@,>>J` P,>HD":\>J` H`D\*":"6,. ?> $Z: *@FH"&:,> & P,>HD":\>J` $"T>` H`D\" 2"F,b>>Z6 @&@V"<4 4 P&,H"<4 2,<,:\>Z6 JR"FH@8, H`D,<>J` B"(@*J, :"2"D,H 4 8"<,DZ.
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 17
62. EB,P4":\>@, B@2&@:4:4 &FHD,H4H\Fb F 8,<-:4$@ 42 2"8:`R,>>ZN 4 >, BD,*@FH"&4:4 &@2<@0>@FH\ @F<@HD,H\ 8"<,DZ. %@ &D,4b H`D\@ >, F<@0,H &ZB@:>4H\ BD@F\$J EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48" *"H\ ,@FH\ &FHD,H4H\Fb F 2"8:`R,>>Z<4 4 @F<@HD,H\ 8"<,DZ, B@F8@:\8J *:b ^H@(@ HD,$J,HFb D"2D,T,>4, @H &ZT,FH@bV4N @D(">@&. 63. ="R":\>48 H`D\@"N@*4HFb 4 715 R,:@&,8, 42 8@H@DZN 3 866 - Z 4 849 - 0,>V4>Z. %<,FH4<@FH\ H`D\,F,>>Z, 2"8:`R,>>Z< >"8"2">4b 8@:,$":4F\ @H F<,DH>@6 8"2>4 *@ @*>@*>,&>@(@ H`D,<>@(@ 2"8:`R,>4b. 61 2"8:`R,>>Z6 (42 >4N HD4 0,>V4>Z) @H$Z&":4 20-:,H>46 FD@8 H`D,<>@(@ 2"8:`R,>4b, " *,&bH\ 2"8:`R,>>ZN (42 >4N @*>" 0,>V4>") $Z:4 BD4(@&@D,>Z 8 F<,DH>@6 8"2>4, @*>"8@ ^H4 BD4(@&@DZ $Z:4 2"<,>,>Z B@042>,>>Z< H`D,<>Z< 2"8:`R,>4,< >" @F>@&">44 BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>@(@ B@FH">@&:,>4b @H >@b$Db 1992 (@*". 65. ="R":\>48 H`D\@@ 8 <2, 4<,`V,6 & &,DN>,6 R"FH4 @*>@6 FH,>Z @8>@, F@*,D04HFb @*4> 4:4 *&" 2"8:`R,>>ZN. % 8"<,D"N 4<,`HFb $"<$J8@&Z, P4>@&84 4 B4H\,&"b &@*". 7"0*Z6 2"8:`R,>>Z6 B@:JR",H B4VJ HD4 D"2" & *,>\ 4 4<,,H *@FHJB 8 4>L@D<"P44 R,D,2 8>4(4. 1"8:`R,>>Z, H"80, 2">4<"`HFb D"2:4R>@6 D"$@H@6, 8"8, >"BD4<,D, &@FFH">@&:,>4, D&", 2"B@:>,>>@(@ &@*@6, &@8DJ( <">*":"6F8@(@ *&@DP". 66. Q:,>Z F,<,6 4<,`H BD"&@ B@F,V"H\ 2"8:`R,>>ZN *&" D"2" & <,FbP, B@<4<@ FB,P4":\>ZN D"2D,T,>46, BD,*@FH"&:b,48"<. 1"8:`R,>>Z< H"80, @8"2Z&",HFb <,*4P4>F8"b B@<@V\ & H`D,<>@< :"2"D,H, >" 50 8@,8, (*, HD4 *@8H@D" 4 15 <,*F,FH,D D"$@H"`H B@:>@, D"$@R,, &D,48 H`D\@ D"2 & >,*,:` D"$@H>48 H`D\>ZN. % $@:\T4>FH&, F&@,< 0":@$Z b&:b`HFb >,@$@F>@&">>Z<4 4 8"F"`HFb @H>@T,>46 <,0*J 2"8:`R,>>Z<4. 8.
A@F,V,>4, H`D\F,6>,
68. %@ &H@D@6 B@:@&4>, *>b 14 >@b$Db 1994 (@*" EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"* B@F,H4: H`D\F,6>,. ="R":\>48 H`D\@"N@*4HFb 4 696 2"8:`R,>>ZN, 42 8@H@DZN 868 - 0,>V4>Z. %<,FH4<@FH\ H`D\ 42 2"8:`R,>>ZN >, @04*",H BD4&,*,>4b & 4FB@:>,>4, F<,DH>@6 8"2>4, B@F8@:\8J &F, BD4(@&@DZ 8 F<,DH>@6 8"2>, $Z:4 FZ >" @F>@&">44 B@FH">@&:,>4b @H >@b$Db 1992 (@*". 69. EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 @$X,N": &F` H,DD4H@D4` H`D\" >,8@H@DZN JR"FH8"N 8@H@D@6 $Z:4 >,*"&>@ B@F"0,>Z @&@V4 4 P&,HZ. +4,, & 8@H@D@< >"N@*4HFb :"2"D,H, $"T>` 4 8JN>`, & 8@H@D@6 >"N@*4:4F\ 8@H:Z F BD4(@H@&:,>>@6 B4V,6. G`D,<>Z, B@<,V,>4b $Z:4 F&,0,@8D"T,>>Z<4.
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 18
70. EB,P4":\>@, D"2D,T4:4 &FHD,H4H\Fb >4 F @*>4< 42 2"8:`R,>>ZN, F 8@H@DZ<4 @> B@0,:": &FHD,H4H\Fb. ]H4 2"8:`R,>>Z, >"N@*4:4F\ & H`D\<, >" @F>@&">44 FH"H\4 5 e) 1"8@>" 1950 (@*" @ RD,2&ZR"6>@< B@:@0,>44 ("D"FBD@FHD">b,H 4:4 >"<,D,&",HFb D"FBD@FHD">bH\ L":\T4&Z, F@@$V,>4b, 2>"b 2"D">,,, RH@ ^H4 F@@$V,>4b b&:b`HFb :@0>Z<4"), FH"H\4 5 1"8@>" 1923 (@*" @$ @L4P4":\>ZN F,8D,H"N (@$:"*">4, @L4P4":\>@6 F,8D,H>@6 4>L@D<"P4,6 4:4 8@>HD@:\ >"* >,6), :4$@ >" @F>@&">44 FH"H\4 17/1 !8H" 1908 (@*" @ >,2"8@>>ZN "FF@P4"P4bN (R:,>FH&@ & >,2"8@>>@6 @D(">42"P44 4:4 8@>H"8HZ F >,6). =,F8@:\8@ H"84N 2"8:`R,>>ZN BD4>"*:,0":4 8 B@:4H4R,F84< B"DH4b<, 4 & ^H@6 F&b24 EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 N@H,: & R"FH>@FH4 &FHD,H4H\Fb F BbH\` "8H4&4FH"<4 @H @BB@24P44, "D,FH@&">>Z<4 & B,D4@* F 4`:b B@ @8Hb$D\ 1994 (@*", & H@< R4F:, F 7N4> 1" %4>@<, 8@H@DZ6 $Z: "D,FH@&"> & 4`:, 1994 (@*". 71. A@F:, >,@*>@8D"H>ZN JFH>ZN BD@F\$, F 8@H@DZ<4 @$D"V":Fb EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 >"R4>"b F B,D&@(@ *>b F&@,(@ BD,$Z&">4b & ;\b><,, @H>@F4H,:\>@ BD,*@FH"&:,>4b ,@(@ *@FHJB" 8 2"8:`R,>>Z< & H`D\<, & 3>F,6>,, F 8@H@DZ<4 @> N@H,: $Z &FHD,H4H\Fb, , J0, &FHD,R":Fb &@ &D,4b FHD">Z & >@b$D, 1993 (@*". A@<4<@ I G4> I, &4*>@(@ &@,>>@(@ *,bH,:b 4 (:"&>@8@<">*J`V,(@, 8@H@DZ6 &B@F:,*FH&44 FH": <4>4FHD@< @$@D@>Z, 4 *-D" !J>( 7N4> E4>", R:,>" =9), 42$D">>@(@ >" &Z$@D"N 1990 (@*", 4 R:,>" ="P4@>":\>@(@ 8@>&,>H", EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 &FHD,H4:Fb F@ FHJ*,>R,F84< "8H4&4FH@< ;\4> 7@ ="4>(@<. ]H4 &FHD,R4 BD@N@*4:4 & BD4FJHFH&44 >"R":\>48" H`D\,F8@:\8@ @ND">>48@& H`D\" <"(>4H@L@>>J` B:,>8J & BD4FJHFH&44 (DJBBZ L@H@(D"L@&. 72. I G4> I BD4&,HFH&@&": EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48" 4 F8"2":, RH@ @> D"* &4*,H\ ,(@ &>@&\. ?> $Z: &B@:>, 2*@D@& 4, B@-&4*4<@, 4FBZHZ&"b 8"8@(@-:4$@ FHD"N". ?> F8"2": EB,P4":\>@4, HD,N *>,6 *@ ,(@ BD4$ZH4b & H`D\>Z, 8D"F4:4 4 R4FH4:4 H`D,<>Z, B@<,V,>4b. 73. %FHD,R" F@FH@b:"F\ J &N@*" & >,$@:\TJ` N404>J, (*, @> F@*,D0":Fb & 42@:bP44. ]H" N404>" BD,*FH"&:b:" F@$@6 @*>@^H"0>@, FHD@,>4, F @*>4< &N@*@<, FB":\>Z< B@<,V,>4,<, HJ":,H@< 4 8JN>,6. % F"<@< >"R":, $,F,*Z I G4> I 2"b&4:, RH@ @> b&:b,HFb "B@:4H4R,F84< 2"8:`R,>>Z<", >,F<@HDb >" JH&,D0*,>4b &:"FH,6 @ H@<, RH@ @> BD,*FH"&:b,H F@$@6 "@$Z8>@&,>>@(@ J(@:@&>48"". ?> 2"b&4:, RH@ *@ H@(@, 8"8 BD,*FH"H\ B,D,* &@,>>Z< HD4$J>":@< B@ @$&4>,>4` & <>@(@R4F:,>>ZN BD,FHJB:,>4bN, @> & H,R,>4, BbH4 <,FbP,& >"N@*4:Fb B@* *@<"T>4< "D,FH@<. I G4> I 2"b&4:, RH@ ,J:4, & R"FH>@FH4, F:,*J`V4, @$&4>,>4b: a) @$D"V,>4, 8 >"D@*J FHD">Z F BD42Z&@< $@D@H\Fb 2" *,<@8D"H4` 4 BD"&" R,:@&,8"; b) B,D,B4F8" F B"D:"<,>H"D4b<4 +&D@B,6F84N F@@$V,FH&, aB@>44 4 E@,*4>,>>ZN SH"H@& !<,D484; 4 c) 8@>H"8HZ F (DJBB"<4 &@,>>@F:J0"V4N 4 *DJ(4N :4P. I G4> I $Z: :4T,> &@2<@0>@FH4 *@BD@F4H\ F&4*,H,:,6 @$&4>,>4b, *"&T4N B@8"2">4b >" FJ*,$>@< D"2$4D"H,:\FH&,. 1"F:JT"& F&4*,H,:,6, FJ* BD4(@&@D4: ,(@ 8 HD,< (@*"< H`D,<>@(@ 2"8:`R,>4b; @> FR4H",H, RH@ ^H@ >"8"2">4, $Z:@ @BD,*,:,>@ 2"D">,,. ?> J0, BD@&,: & H`D\<, HD4 (@*" 4 L"8H4R,F84 >"N@*4HFb & 2"8:`R,>44 R,H&,DHZ6 (@*. %<,FH@ H@(@, RH@$Z $ZH\ >" F&@$@*,, @> @H$Z&",H *@B@:>4H,:\>Z6 F,<4:,H>46 FD@8, 8 8@H@D@>Z6 HD4$J>": B@ H,< 0, F",>4b<. ?> F@F:":Fb >" res judicata, @*>"8@ FJ*\b, B@-&4*4<@, B@>b: @ R,< @> (@&@D4:, 4
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 19
&>@&\ BD42>": ,(@ &4>@&>Z< 4 BD4(@&@D4: 8@ &H@D@"8"2">4`, 8@H@D@, @> *@:0,> @H$Z&"H\ B@ 4FH,R,>44 B,D&@(@. I G4> I 2"b&4:: "a :`$:` "D<4`, @*>"8@ b :`$:` >"D@* $@:\T,, R,< "D<4`". ?> F@@$V4:, RH@ B@F:, &Z$@D@& 1990 (@*" <>@(4, $Z:4 $D@T,>Z & H`D\" *:4H,:\>Z6 FD@8 8"8 "@$Z8>@&,>>Z, J(@:@&>484". ?> *@$4&":Fb 4N @F&@$@0*,>4b 4 &ZB:"HZ 4< 8@F"P44. E,6R"F H"8"b 0, FJ*\$" B@FH4(:" ,(@ F"<@(@. I G4> I @H<,H4:, RH@ F >4< N@D@T@ @$D"V"`HFb (@> &Z(:b*,: L424R,F84 4 BF4N4R,F84 >@D<":\>Z< R,:@&,8@<). %D"R @8"2Z&",H ,,@$N@*4,F<@HDb >" >,N&"H8J :,8"DFH&. /,>" B@F,V",H ,(@ 8"0*Z, *&, >,*,:4. +@FbH &F, D,:4(4@2>Z, 8>4(4, 8@H@DZ, @> BD@F4H, 4 B,D4@*4R,F8@, 42*">4, "=\` 9"6H @L ;\b><"", >@ >48"8@6 *DJ(@6 4>L@D<"P44 @> >, B@:JR",H 4 >, 4<,,H *@FHJB" 8 *DJ(4< &4*"< *@FJ(". 74. A@F:, $,F,*Z F I G4> I EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 B@F,H4: F@F,*>,, F N404>@6 I G4> I FHD@,>4,, (*, >"N@*4:@F\ >,F8@:\8@ BJFHZN 8"<,D 4 FD,*4 >4N 8"<,D", 8@H@DJ` 2">4<": *-D !J>( 7N4> E4>. 75. EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 >, <@( &@6H4 & 8"<,DJ, (*, F@*,D0":Fb *-D !J>( 7N4> E4>, @*>"8@ @> F<@( B@(@&@D4H\ F >4< R,D,2 2"8DZHJ` >" 2"<@8 *&,D\ 8"<,DZ. AD4 D"2(@&@D, BD4FJHFH&@&":4 >"R":\>48 H`D\,F8@:\8@ @ND">>48@&, 8@H@DZ, 2"B4FZ&":4 D"2(@&@D >" <"(>4H@L@>>J` B:,>8J, " H"80, L@H@(D"LZ. #,F,*" $Z:" @R,>\ 8@D@H8@6, 2"8:`R,>>Z6 8"2":Fb >,D&>Z<, >@ &Z(:b*,: 2*@D@&Z<. 76. % @H:4R4, @H BD@T:@(@ (@*" *-D !J>( 7N4> E4> D"2(@&"D4&": F@ EB,P4":\>Z< *@8:"*R48@< >" $4D<">F8@< 4 ">(:46F8@< b2Z8"N. )-D !J>( 7N4> E4> B@:JR4: <,*4P4>F8@, @$D"2@&">4, & !>(:44. ?> $Z: BD4(@&@D,> 8 20 (@*"< H`D,<>@(@ 2"8:`R,>4b FB,P4":\>Z< FJ*@<, H.,. >, @$ZR>Z< FJ*@<. ?> @H8"2":Fb @H "*&@8"H", B@F8@:\8J N@H,: F"< FHD@4H\ F&@` 2"V4HJ. A@F:, &Z>,F,>4b , >"<,D,&":Fb @$0":@&"H\ BD4(@&@D R,D,2 F@@H&,HFH&J`V4, 8">":Z, @ R,< F@@$V4: EB,P4":\>@,(@ B@F,V,>4b FHD">Z & >@b$D, 1993 (@*". %@ &D,Z>,T>,(@ B@F,V,>4b *-D !J>( 7N4> E4> F@@$V4: EB,P4":\>@ >, @$0":@&": BD4(@&@D, 4 @> >, B@bF>4:, B@R, B,D,*J<":. ?> H"80, F8"2": EB,P4":\>@4< @$D"V"`HFb N@D@T@ 4 RH@ & B,D&J` >,*,:` BD,$Z&">4b 2*,F\ ,@&Z6 2J$. % 2"8:`R,>4, @> B@&H@D4:, RH@ @> &B@:>, 4F8D,>>, N@H,: $Z F:J04H\ *,<@8D"H4R,F8@( 7N4> E4>@< EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 B@F,H4: *DJ(@, 2*">4,, (*, >"N@*4:@F\ >,F8@:\8@ BJFHZN 8"<,D, " @*>" $Z:" 2">bH" <@:@*Z< FHJ*,>R,F84< "8H4&4FH@< ;\4> 7@ ="4>(@<. EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 >, F<@( 2"6H4 &>JHD\ 8"<,DZ, (*, F@*,D0":Fb ;\4> 7@ ="4>(, @*>"8@ @> F<@( B@(@&@D4H\ F >4< R,D,2 2"8DZHJ` >" 2"<@8 *&,D\. AD4 D"2(@&@D, BD4FJHFH&@&":4 >"R":\>48 H`D\,F8@:\8@ @ND">>48@&, 2"B4FZ&"&T4N D"2(@&@D >" <"(>4H@L@>>J` B:,>8J, " H"80, L@H@(D"LZ. #,F,*" $Z:" @R,>\ 8@D@H8@6, 2"8:`R,>>Z6 8"2":Fb >,D&>Z< 4 H@V4<, @*>"8@ &Z(:b*,: 2*@D@&Z<. ?> F8"2": EB,P4":\>@@ *:b &FHD,R4. =" &@BD@F @ H@<, & R,< @> >J0*",HFb, ;\4> 7@ ="4>( @H&,H4: EB,P4":\>@ FHD"*",H @H F8J84, B@F8@:\8J ,,R,(@ *,:"H\, 4 @> N@H,: $Z R4H"H\ D,:4(4@2>Z, 8>4(4.
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 20
78. A@F:, &FHD,R F >"N@*bV4<4Fb & H`D\<, B@:4H4R,F84<4 :4*,D"<4 EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 &,D>J:Fb & B@<,V,>4, *:b &FHD,R, (*, @> BZH":Fb B@:JR4H\ >,8@H@DZ, D"2XbF>,>4b @H>@F4H,:\>@ D,(4FHD"P44 HD,N 2"8:`R,>>ZN, F 8@H@DZ<4 @> &FHD,H4:Fb. ="R":\>48 H`D\>J` 4>L@D<"P4`, & H@< R4F:, @F>@&">4b 4N H`D,<>@(@ 2"8:`R,>4b, *"HZ 4 H.B. EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 F@@$V4: >"R":\>48J H`D\ 7@ ="4>(" B@2&@:4H\ ,Z, 8>4(4, 4 >"R":\>48 H`D\@bH\ >,@$N@*4,>4b ^H@6 BD@F\$Z. 9.
A@F,V,>4, ;@>F8@6 @$:"FH4
79. 9 >@b$Db 1994 (@*" EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 B@F,H4: FHD@4H,:\>J` B:@V"*8J 0,:,2>@*@D@0>@(@ BD@,8H" +6-)"&,6 & ;@>F8@6 @$:"FH4; B@F,V,>4, $Z:@ @D(">42@&">@ BD"&4H,:\FH&@< ;\b>*J`V,(@ _(@-%@FH@R>Z< &@,>>Z< @8DJ(@< B@:8@&>48@< ;4" =4,6>@<. EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 & F@BD@&@0*,>44 (,>,D":\>@(@ *4D,8H@D" I !6 9\&4>" 4 *4D,8H@D"-JBD"&:b`V,(@ 0,:,2>Z<4 *@D@("<4 I GN"J>( 9\&4>" BD4$Z: & *,D,&>` 7":"&04 & B@F,:8, +6, (*, &FHD,H4:Fb F@ FHD@4H,:\>Z<4 D"$@R4<4. EHD@4H,:\FH&@ 0,:,2>@6 *@D@(4 +6-)"&,6 $Z:@ >"R"H@ & b>&"D, 1993 (@*". AD@,8H BD,*JF<"HD4&",H FHD@4H,:\FH&@ 0,:,2>@*@D@0>@(@ B@:@H>" BD@Hb0,>>@FH\` & 100,08 <4:\ F R,HZD\@*@D@0>Z<4 FH">P4b<4 4 66 <@FH"<4. 80. ;,FH>Z, &:"FH4 F@@$V4:4 EB,P4":\>@\, D"FB@:@0,>>ZN &@8DJ( ^H@6 0,:,2>@6 *@D@(4, J0, BD4>b:4 *@$D@&@:\>@, JR"FH4, & @FJV,FH&:,>44 BD@,8H" FHD@4H,:\FH&". ;,FH>Z, &:"FH4 @$D"H4:4F\ 8 FH"DT4>"< D"2:4R>ZN *,D,&,>\ &Z*,:4H\ 4< @BD,*,:,>>@, R4F:@ D"$@R4N 4 B@<@R\ 4< D"FBD,*,:4H\ FD,*4 >4N @$b2">>@FH4. % >"R":, FHD@4H,:\FH&" *,D,&,>F84, 04H,:4 DJ$4:4 *,D,&\b 4 @R4V":4 @H 8JFH"D>48" H,DD4H@D4`, B@ 8@H@D@6 $J*,H BD@N@*4H\ 0,:,2>"b *@D@(". 7@(*" ^H" D"$@H" $Z:" B@RH4 2"&,DT,>", *,D,&,>F84, 04H,:4 >"R":4 8@B"H\ 8">"&Z 4 *,:"H\ >"FZB\ *:b BD@8:"*84 0,:,2>@*@D@0>@(@ B@:@H>". 81. 1"*">4b D"$@R4< D"FBD,*,:b:4F\ >, B@ *>b<; 4< *"&":4F\ @*>@D"2@&Z, B@DJR,>4b, B@*:,0"&T4, 4FB@:>,>4` & JFH">@&:,>>Z6 FD@8. C"$@R4, R"FZ $Z:4 JFH">@&:,>Z F 8 *@ 11 R"F@& JHD" 4 F 13 *@ 16 R"F@&. 7"0*"b F,<\b *@:0>" $Z:", 8"8 BD"&4:@, &Z*,:4H\ @*>@(@ D"$@H>48" >" @*>J D"$@RJ` F<,>J, 8@H@D"b @$ZR>@ *:4:"F\ @H @*>@6 *@ *&JN >,*,:\. %:"FH4 F@@$V4:4 EB,P4":\>@" 8@H@DJ` JN@*4: @*4> D"$@R46 *,>\ @*>@(@ 4:4 *&JN R,:@&,8. ),>\(4 &ZB:"R4&":@ BD"&4H,:\FH&@ &F,6 *,D,&>, B@ 2"&,DT,>44 D"$@HZ ,, 04H,:,6, &Z*,:,>>ZN & 8"R,FH&, D"$@R4N. A4H">4, D"$@R4< >, BD,*@FH"&:b:@F\: @>4 *@:0>Z $Z:4 BD4>@F4H\ F F@$@6 ,*J 4:4 B:"H4H\ B@ *&" 8\bH" 2" @$,*. EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 4<,: &@2<@0>@FH\ B@F,H4H\ $@:\>4PJ, B@FHD@,>>J` &$:424 FHD@4H,:\>@6 B:@V"*84, 8@H@D"b BD,*@FH"&:b:" <,*4P4>F8J` B@<@V\ D"$@R4<, FHD"*"&T4< @H >,2>"R4H,:\>ZN 2"$@:,&">46 4 >J0*"&T4NFb & @H*ZN,. +F:4 $@:,2>\ D"$@R,(@ $Z:" F,D\,2>@6, &:"FH4 @F&@$@0*":4 H"8@(@ D"$@R,(@ @H D"$@HZ 4 >"BD"&:b:4 ,(@ & F@@H&,HFH&J`VJ` $@:\>4PJ. 10.
A@F,V,>4, ;">*":"6F8@6 @$:"FH4 4 @$:"FH4 ;"(J^
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 21
82. 12 >@b$Db 1994 (@*" EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 &FHD,H4:Fb & ;">*":", F 8@<">*J`V4< O,>HD":\>Z< &@,>>Z< @8DJ(@< (,>,D":-<"6@D@< Q0@ G">@< 4 B@F,H4: <,FH@ F@@DJ0,>4b D&" &@8DJ( ;">*":"6F8@(@ *&@DP", (*, D"$@H":4 F@:*"HZ, (D"0*">F84, :4P" 4 2"8:`R,>>Z, 42 P,>HD":\>@6 H`D\*":",. 83. AD4<,D>@ 200 @F&@$@0*,>>ZN @H P,B,6 2"8:`R,>>ZN F&@24:4 $J:Z0>484 4 F@@DJ0":4 42 >4N FH,>J D&". ?>4 &Z(:b*,:4 2*@D@&Z<4, 4 <,FH>Z, &:"FH4 D"FF8"2":4 EB,P4":\>@@ 2"8:`R,>>Z,, " H"80, F@:*"HZ D"$@H":4 8-R"F@&@6 D"$@R46 *,>\ >" *@$D@&@:\>@6 @F>@&,. A@ @8@>R">44 D"$@HZ >" @H&,*,>>@< JR"FH8, 2"8:`R,>>Z<, 8@H@DZ, JR"FH&@&":4 & D"$@H,, &ZB:"R4&":"F\ 2"D"$@H>"b B:"H". 7"0*Z6 *,>\ 4< BD,*@FH"&:b:@F\ HD,ND"2@&@, $,FB:"H>@, B4H">4,. % *,>\ B@F,V,>4b EB,P4":\>Z< *@8:"*R48@< <,FH" FHD@4H,:\FH&" F,<\4 42 R4F:" *@$D@0,:"H,:,6 JFHD"4&":4 $,FB:"H>Z6 @$,*, 8@H@DZ6 &Z(:b*,: &B@:>, BD4:4R>Z<, *:b &F,N 2"8:`R,>>ZN 4 F@:*"H, D"$@H"&T4N >" FHD@4H,:\FH&, 2,<:b>@(@ &":". 84. 13 >@b$Db 1994 (@*" EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 F@&,DT4: B@,2*8J B@ @$:"FH4 ;"(J^ 4 B@F,H4: >,*"&>@ 2"&,DT,>>Z6 JR"FH@8 0,:,2>@6 *@D@(4 A"8@88J - ;\b6> - ;\ëF" 0,:,2>@*@D@0>@(@ >"BD"&:,>4b A"8@88J - '">0@J - 7":"6. ;4>4FHD 0,:,2>@*@D@0>@(@ HD">FB@DH" I %4> E,6> 4 8@<">*J`V46 E,&,D@-1"B"*>Z< &@,>>Z< @8DJ(@< (,>,D":-<"6@D M:" ;\4> E&, D"FF8"2":4 @ B@:\2,, 8@H@DJ` B@:JR"H BD4:,0"V4, 8 0,:,2>@6 *@D@(, D"6@>Z. IFB,T>@, 2"&,DT,>4, >@&@(@ 0,:,2>@*@D@0>@(@ JR"FH8" <4>4FHD BD4B4F": "*@$D@6 &@:, 4 B@**,D08, F@ FH@D@>Z BD"&4H,:\FH&" 4 $:"(@D@*FH&J 4 F@2>"H,:\>@FH4 <,FH>@(@ >"F,:,>4b, 8@H@D@, *@$D@&@:\>@ HDJ*4:@F\ &@ 4"". G@B@(D"L4R,F8"b FX,<8" *:b FHD@4H,:\FH&" 0,:,2>@*@D@0>@(@ JR"FH8" A"8@88J - ;\b6> ;\ëF" >"R":"F\ 11 4`>b 1993 (@*". 20 *,8"$Db 1993 (@*" $Z:" 2"&,DT,>" >"FZB\, 4 12 L,&D":b 1994 (@*" >"R":"F\ J8:"*8" D,:\F. %,F\ JR"FH@8 0,:,2>@6 *@D@(4 BD@Hb0,>>@FH\` 34,62 <4:4 $Z: 2"&,DT,> 17 @8Hb$Db 1994 (@*". 85. %@ &D,Z6 *@8:"*R48 4<,: &@2<@0>@FH\ &8D"HP, B@(@&@D4H\ F :`*\<4, 8@H@DZ, F@$4D":4F\ J 0,:,2>@*@D@0>ZN FH">P46, (*, @FH">"&:4&":Fb B@,2*. A@-&4*4<@@, >"F,:,>4, $Z:@ *@&@:\>@ @H8DZH4,< >@&@(@ 0,:,2>@*@D@0>@(@ JR"FH8" 4 @04*":@ 42&:,R\ 42 ^H@(@ B@:\2J. 11.
A@F,V,>4, ?$V,FH&" 7D"F>@(@ 7D,FH" 4 !FF@P4"P44 ;\b>8"
86. IHD@< 8 >@b$Db 1994 (@*" EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 &FHD,H4:Fb F BD,*FH"&4H,:b<4 !FF@P4"P44 ;\b>8" & ,, TH"$-8&"DH4D,, (*, ,@FH4 !FF@P4"P44. 7"F"bF\ BD@$:, G4> G4> M F@@$V4: EB,P4":\>@"FH@bV,, &D,4b, D"2D"$@H">>J` FB,P4":\>@ *:b <"H,D,6, F P,:\` >"JR4H\ 4N J$,D,("H\ F,$b 4 *,H,6 @H 4>L,8P44. E ^H@6 P,:\` $Z:4 @D(">42@&">Z 8JDFZ *:b *@$D@&@:\P,& (FHJ*,>HZ, &D"R4, <@:@*,0\), 8@H@DZ, $J*JH ,2*4H\ B@ FHD">, 4 @$JR"H\ <,FH>@, >"F,:,>4,.
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 22
87. QH@ 8"F",HFb &ZF@8@6 *,HF8@6 F<,DH>@FH4, >,*@,*">4b 4 >,(D"<@H>@FH4, H@ !FF@P4"P4b BD@*@:0",H @FJV,FH&:bH\, & F@HDJ*>4R,FH&, F <,0*J>"D@*>Z<4 @D(">42"P4b<4, H"84<4, 8"8 _=3E+K 4 =A?, &4*Z *,bH,:\>@FH4 4 BD,*@FH"&:bH\ @$F:J04&">4, & ^H4N @$:"FHbN <"H,Db<, <@:@*Z< 0,>V4>"< 4 *,Hb< & <"FTH"$"N &F,6 FHD">Z. 88. %@ &H@D@6 B@:@&4>, *>b 15 >@b$Db 1994 (@*" EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 B@F,H4: ?$V,FH&@ 7D"F>@(@ 7D,FH" ;\b>" &@BD@F EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48" BD,*F,*"H,:\ ?77; *-D G4> I B@bF>4:, RH@ 42 7 500 R,:@&,8, BD@&,D,>>ZN & ;\b><, >" %3Q, J 4 000 R,:@&,8 $Z:" @$>"DJ0,>" B@:@04H,:\>"b D,"8P4b. Q4F:@ $@:\>ZN EA3)@< F@FH"&:b,H @8@:@ 300 R,:@&,8; $@:\T4>FH&@ 42 >4N 2"D"0,>Z HJ$,D8J:,2@< 4 F@*,D0"HFb & 8"D">H4>, & b>(@>F8@6 $@:\>4P,. 89. ?F>@&>@6 BD4R4>@6 4>L,8P44 %3Q b&:b,HFb &&,*,>4, & @D(">42< >"D8@H48@& F B@<@V\` 4(:Z. 70% $@:\>ZN EA3)@< F@FH"&:b`H >"D8@<">Z, 4FB@:\2J`V4, 4(:Z. #ZFHD@, 4 T4D@8@, D"FBD@FHD">,>4, 4>L,8P44 FD,*4 :4P, 2">4<"`V4NFb &>JHD4&,>>Z< &&,*,>4,< & @D(">42< >"D8@H48@&, @$XbF>b,HFb <>@(@R4F:,>>Z<4 F:JR"b<4 <>@(@D"2@&@(@ 4FB@:\2@&">4b @*>4N 4 H,N 0, 4(: D"2>Z<4 :`*\<4 4 @HFJHFH&4,< HV"H,:\>@6 FH,D4:42"P44 4(: B@F:, 4>X,8P46. ="D8@H484 &&@*bHFb & @D(">42< B@FD,*FH&@< D"2>@@$D"2>ZN F"<@*,:\>ZN 4>FHDJ<,>H@&, 8@H@DZ, 2"R"FHJ` >"N@*bHFb & B:@N@< F@FH@b>44 4 8@H@DZ, >,&@2<@0>@ FH,D4:42@&"H\. %H@D@6 BD4R4>@6 B,D,*"R4 4>L,8P44 b&:b`HFb B@:@&Z, F&b24. 90. QH@ 8"F",HFb @F@$@6 BD@$:,<">F84N 0,>V4>, 8@H@DZ, &,D>J:4F\ 42 G"4:">*" F *4"(>@2@< 2"D"0,>4b %3Q, EB,P4":\>@@ F@HDJ*>4R",H & 4N D,"$4:4H"P44 F ;\b><">F84< F@&,H@< P,D8&,6 4 T&,*F8@6 =A? "!FF@P4"P4b KD">FJ" 7F"&\,D" #">J". ;@:@*Z, 0,>V4>Z, 8@H@DZ, &,D>J:4F\ 42 G"4:">*", BD@04&"`H &<,FH, 4 BD@N@*bH BD@P,FF "D,"$4:4H"P44", @D(">42@&">>Z6 ),B"DH"<,>H@< F@P4":\>@(@ @$,FB,R,>4b, & N@*, 8@H@D@(@ 4N JR"H BD4(@H"&:4&"H\ ,*J, T4H\ 4 &ZB@:>bH\ *DJ(J` D"$@HJ. I $@:\T4>FH&" &@2&D"V,>P,& $Z:" @$>"DJ0,>" B@24H4&>"b D,"8P4b >" %3Q. A@F8@:\8J 4<,:4F\ B@*@2D,>4b, RH@ ^H4 0,>V4>Z 4>L4P4D@&">Z %3Q, @>4 $Z:4 @HBD"&:,>Z >"2"* & ;\b>b,H $@:\T@, R4F:@ F:JR",& 4>L,8P44 %3Q FD,*4 >4N. 91. QH@ 8"F",HFb /,>,&F84N 8@>&,>P46, ?77; F@HDJ*>4R",H F ;777 & *,:, @FJV,FH&:,>4b BD@(D"<,>4b 4*,":@& 4 BD4>P4B@& )&40,>4b 7D"F>@(@ 7D,FH", " H"80, 4>L@D<"P44 @$ @F>@&>ZN BD4>P4B"N <,0*J>"D@*>@(@ (J<">4H"D>@(@ BD"&". % D"<8"N ^H@6 BD@(D"<(@>F8@6 @$:"FH4 $Z:4 BD@&,*,>Z HD4 HD,N*>,&>ZN 8JDF" 4 F,<\ @*>@*>,&>ZN 8JDF@&, " & (@D@*"N ;$bJ><\b 4 AD@< F@FH@b:"F\ B@*(@H@&8" *@$D@&@:\P,& 7D"F>@(@ 7D,FH". E@(:"F>@ ?77;, *@ >"FH@bV,(@ &D,<,>4 @FJV,FH&:,>@ 60% BD@(D"<"R"H@6 & 1993 (@*J F@&<,FH>@ F ;777. 13.
A@F,V,>4, J>4&,DF4H,HF84N (@D@*8@&
92. % B,D&@6 B@:@&4>, *>b 16 >@b$Db 1994 (@*" EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 >">,F 8D"H846 &424H & (@D@*@8 a>(@>F8@(@ J>4&,DF4H,H". % @H:4R4, @H BD,*Z*JV,(@ B@F,V,>4b & >@b$D, 1993 (@*", J>4&,DF4H,H $Z: @H8DZH, 042>\ & (@D@*8, 8"2":"F\ >@D<":\>@6, 4 FHJ*,>HZ
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 23
FB@8@6>@ D"2(J:4&":4 B@ (@D@*8J. %@ &D,4b (@D@*8" EB,P4":\>Z< *@8:"*R48@< @> &FHD,H4:Fb F BD@L,FF@D"<4 BD"&@&@(@ L"8J:\H,H". AD@L,FF@D HDJ*@&@(@ 4 8@>FH4HJP4@>>@(@ BD"&" (-> G4> !J>( !6, 8@H@DZ6 H"80, b&:b,HFb R:,>@< D"$@R,(@ 8@<4H,H", &N@*bV,(@ & F@FH"& (DJBBZ B@ B@*(@H@&8, 2"8@>@*"H,:\FH&" & ="P4@>":\>@< 8@>&,>H,, D"FF8"2": @ &@BD@F"N, F&b2">>ZN F D"$@H@6 ="P4@>":\>@(@ 8@>&,>H", (D"0*">FH&" 4 BD"& R,:@&,8". =" &@BD@F EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48" @ H@<, $J*,H :4 & >@&@6 8@>FH4HJP44 F@*,D0"H\Fb (:"&", B@F&bV,>>"b BD"&"< R,:@&,8", @> F8"2":, RH@, N@Hb BD"&" R,:@&,8" b&:b`HFb &"0>Z<4, @>4 *@:0>Z $ZH\ J&b2">Z F @$b2">>@FHb<4. 93. % B,D&@6 B@:@&4>, *>b 16 >@b$Db 1994 (@*" EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 H"80, >">,F 8D"H846 &424H & )"(@>F846 J>4&,DF4H,H, 8@H@DZ6 H@:\8@ RH@ @H8DZ: F&@, >@&@, 2*">4, & B@F,:8, )"(@>. ]H@ - @$T4D>Z6 J>4&,DF4H,HF846 (@D@*@8 F BD@FH@D>Z<4 JR,$>Z<4 B@<,V,>4b<4 4 "J*4H@D4b<4. ?$FH">@&8" & (@D@*8, $Z:" >@D<":\>@6. EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 4<,: &@2<@0>@FH\ &FHD,H4H\Fb F 042>,D"*@FH>Z<4 FHJ*,>H"<4, 8@H@DZ, D"FF8"2":4 ,H,D,FJ,H, >, 8"F"bF\ BD4 ^H@< B@:4H484. C.
A@F,V,>4, :"(,D,6 $,0,>P,& & G"4:">*,
94. A@F:, F&@,6 B@,2*8, B@ ;\b><, EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 B@F,H4: G"4:">* >" (D">4P, F ;\b><@6 *:b &FHD,R4 F F84<4 $,0,>P"<4, BD@04&"`V4<4 & :"(,DbN >" (D">4P, <,0*J ;\b><@6 4 G"4:">*@<. A@F,V,>4, G"4:">*" F@FH@b:@F\ 16-20 >@b$Db 1994 (@*". )&" :"(,Db, 8@H@DZ, @> B@F,H4:, >"N@*4:4F\ @H H"6F8@(@ (@D@*" ;",-E@H >" D"FFH@b>44, 8@H@D@, <@0>@ $Z:@ BD@,N"H\ >" "&H@<@$4:,. A@:"("`H, RH@ & >"FH@bV,, &D,J:4 ;\b>":@(4R>ZN :"(,DbN & BD4(D">4R>@< D"6@>,. %@ &D,4b EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 &FHD,H4:Fb F 31 R,:@&,8@<, 8@H@DZ, H@:\8@ RH@ BD4$Z:4 42 ;\b>@&>@< 42 7"D,>F8@6 @$:"FH4. %F,, F 8,< $,F,*@&": EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48, F<@(:4 BD,*FH"&4H\ ,L@D<"P4` @ B@:@0,>44 & ;\b><,, @F@$,>>@ & BD4(D">4R>@< D"6@>,. K424R,F8@, 4 BF4N4R,F8@, F@FH@b>4, $@:\T4>FH&" 42 >4N $Z:@ >,&"0>Z<. 3>L@D<"P4b 4 <>,>4b, B@:JR,>>Z, & N@*, B@F,V,>46, 42:"("`HFb >40, B@* F@@H&,HFH&J`V4<4 B@*2"(@:@&8"<4. II. A.
IG%+C/)+=3a
%>,FJ*,$>Z, 8"2>4, 8"2>4 $,2 >"*:,0"V,(@ FJ*,$>@(@ D"2$4D"H,:\FH&" 4:4 BD@42&@:\>Z, 8"2>4
95. EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 BD@*@:0": B@:JR"H\ <>@(@R4F:,>>Z, F@@$V,>4b 42 >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>ZN 4FH@R>48@& @ &>,FJ*,$>ZN 8"2>bN, 8"2>bN $,2 >"*:,0"V,(@ FJ*,$>@(@ D"2$4D"H,:\FH&" 4:4 BD@42&@:\>ZN 8"2>bN (D"0*">F84N :4P, 8@H@DZ, F@&,DT":4 &@,>>@F:J0"V4, <\b><">F84N &@@DJ0,>>ZN F4: BD4 D"2:4R>ZN @$FH@bH,:\FH&"N. 96. % D"6@>"N FHD">Z, (*, BD@04&",H & @F>@&>@< >,$4D<">F8"b R"FH\ >"F,:,>4b 4 (*, FJV,FH&J`H B@&FH">R,F84, *&40,>4b, <>@(4, J$46FH&" BD,*FH"&:b`H F@$@6 @FJV,FH&:,>>Z, $,2 >"*:,0"V,(@ FJ*,$>@(@ D"2$4D"H,:\FH&" 8"2>4 (D"0*">F84N :4P, 8@H@DZN @$&4>b`H :4$@ & H@<, RH@ @>4 b&:b`HFb B@&FH">P"<4, :4$@ 2" F@HDJ*>4R,FH&@ F B@&FH">P"<4. ="BD4<,D, & <"DH, 1994 (@*" &@,>>@F:J0"V4, 1"B"*>@(@ &@,>>@(@ @8DJ(" ;\b>
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 24
$,D,(@& D,84 ="L (@$:"FH\ C"8N"6>), >"H8>J:4F\ >" , 8@H@DZ, :@&4:4 DZ$J F >,$@:\T@(@ FJ*>". E@@$V",HFb, RH@ F@:*"HZ &Z<@(":4 J DZ$"8@& *,>\(4, " 8@(*" H, @H8"2":4F\ @H*"H\ 4< *,>\(4, @>4 F&b2":4 4N 4 *@FH"&4:4 & *,D,&>` #":J 7N":4 J B@F,:8" ;">(*"J. % H,R,>4, BbH4 *>,6 &@F,<\ DZ$"8@& B@*&,D(":4F\ *@BD@F"< 4 BZH8"<; F@:*"HZ @$&4>4:4 4N & H@<, RH@ @>4 @FJV,FH&:b:4 F,8D,H>Z, @B,D"P44, " >, 2">4<":4F\ DZ$@:@&FH&@<. 31 <"DH" 1994 (@*" ^H4 DZ$"84 $Z:4 8"2>,>Z. 97. %@ <>@(4N F@@$V,>4bN, B@FHJB"&T4N 42 >,BD"&4H,:\FH&,>>ZN 4FH@R>48@&, @B4FZ&":4F\ F:JR"4, 8@(*" F@:*"HZ <\b><">F8@6 "D<44 @H8DZ&":4 @(@>\ 42 @(>,FHD,:\>@(@ @DJ04b B@ <4D>Z< 04H,:b< $,2 8"8@6-:4$@ BD4R4>Z. ? H"84N F4HJ"P4bN R"FH@ F@@$V":4 & F&b24 F B@BZH8"<4 &@,>>@F:J0"V4N "D<44 "D,FH@&"H\ 4 2"*,D0"H\ (D"0*">F84N :4P F P,:\` BD4>J*4H\ 4N &ZB@:>bH\ D"$@HJ (DJ2R48@& 4 *DJ(4, &4*Z D"$@HZ; B@F8@:\8J 04H,:4 *,D,&,>\ BZH":4F\ 42$,0"H\ "D,FH" 4 F8DZH\Fb @H BD4$:40"&T4NFb 8 >4< F@:*"H, F@:*"HZ R"FH@ @H8DZ&":4 B@ >4< @(@>\. ="BD4<,D, 11 F,>Hb$Db 1994 (@*" F@:*"HZ 27-(@ $"H":\@>" 33-6 *4&4244 &@T:4 & *,D,&>` 7\bJ> E,6>. 7@(*" 04H,:4 *,D,&>4 FH":4 D"2$,("H\Fb, B@F8@:\8J @B"F":4F\, RH@ 4N 2"FH"&bH D"$@H"H\ (DJ2R48"<4, F@:*"HZ @H8DZ:4 B@ >4< @(@>\. ?*4> 04H,:\ *,D,&>4 $Z: D">,> 4 J<,D & H@H 0, &,R,D, " HD@, *DJ(4N $Z:4 B@6<">Z F@:*"H"<4 4 8"2>,>Z 12 F,>Hb$Db 1994 (@*". 98. A@<4<@ F@@$V,>46, B@:JR,>>ZN EB,P4":\>Z< *@8:"*R48@<, & 8@H@DZN F@*,D0"HFb JH&,D0*,>4b @ 8"2>bN $,2 >"*:,0"V,(@ FJ*,$>@(@ D"2$4D"H,:\FH&" 4:4 BD@42&@:\>ZN 8"2>bN, @> H"80, $,F,*@&": & N@*, F&@,(@ &424H" & :"(,Db $,0,>P,& & G"4:">*, F :`*\<4, 8@H@DZ, JH&,D0*":4, RH@ @>4 b&:b:4F\ F&4*,H,:b<4 H"84N >"DJT,>46 BD"& R,:@&,8". 99. EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48 D"FB@:"(",H F&4*,H,:\F84<4 B@8"2">4b<4 @H>@F4H,:\>@ @H&,HFH&,>>@FH4 BD"&4H,:\FH&" 2" F:JR"4 F<,DH4 :4P, >"N@*bV4NFb B@* FHD"0,6. % F:JR"bN >"DJT,>46 BD"&" >" 042>\ :4P, F@*,D0"V4NFb B@* FHD"0,6, @ 8@H@DZN FH":@ 42&,FH>@ EB,P4":\>@JHZ @$&4>,>4b, :4P" "D,FH@&Z&":4F\ (:"&>Z< @$D"2@< B@ BD48"2J 'E%A & B@Db*8, BD4<,>,>4b 1"8@>" 1950 (@*" @ RD,2&ZR"6>@< B@:@0,>44, & R"FH>@FH4 FH"H\4 5 j), " H"80, FH"H\4 17 !8H" 1908 (@*" @ >,2"8@>>ZN "FF@P4"P4bN. %@ &D,4b ;\b>Z6 *@8:"*R48 BD@F4: BD"&4H,:\FH&@ ;\b>L@D<"P4` @ FJ*\$, 25 B@:4H4R,F84N :4*,D@& 4 42$D">>ZN BD,*FH"&4H,:,6, FHJ*,>H@& 4 <@>"N@&, 8@H@DZ,, 8"8 JH&,D0*":@F\, J<,D:4 >"N@*bF\ B@* FHD"0,6. )@ @HX,2*" EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48" 42 ;\b>" ,(@ &@BD@FZ; @H&,H BD"&4H,:\FH&" ;\b>44 I 8 >"FH@bV,b: EB,P4":\>Z6 *@8:"*R48, ^H@H @H&,H <@0>@ &8D"HP, 42:@04H\ F:,*J`V4< @$D"2@<: & F,<4 F:JR"bN BD"&4H,:\FH&@ @HD4P":@ L"8H 2"8:`R,>4b B@* FHD"0J; R,HZD, R,:@&,8" b8@$Z $Z:4 @F&@$@0*,>Z; HD4 R,:@&,8" BD@*@:0"`H @H$Z&"H\ F&@, >"8"2">4,; *,FbH\ R,:@&,8 >"N@*bHFb >" 42:,R,>44 B@F:, @$ZR>@(@ 2"$@:,&">4b 4 @*4> R,:@&,8 B@8@>R4: 042>\ F"<@J$46FH&@<. 100. )DJ(4, F:JR"4 8"2>,6 $,2 >"*:,0"V,(@ FJ*,$>@(@ D"2$4D"H,:\FH&" 4:4 BD@42&@:\>ZN 8"2>,6 42:@0,>Z & BJ>8H, 9 BD@<,0JH@R>@(@ *@8:"*" EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48" ',>,D":\>@6 !FF"<$:,, >" ,, F@D@8 *,&bH@6 F,FF44 (A/49/594 @H 28 @8Hb$Db 1994 (@*"). % ^H4N F:JR"bN F@*,D0"HFb @$&4>,>4b & F@&,DT,>44 0,FH@84N BZH@8, &Z2&"&T4N F<,DH\ 0,DH&;
E/CN.4/1995/65 page 25
J$46FH&, (D"0*">F84N :4P 2" >,&ZB@:>,>4, BD48"2@& F:J0"V4N "D<44 B,D,F,:4H\Fb & *DJ(4, <,FH", *@FH"&4H\ H@&"DZ 4:4 &ZB@:>4H\ D"$@HZ 2" @R,>\ >428J` @B:"HJ 4:4 $,FB:"H>@; BD@42&@:\>ZN J$46FH&"N & B@Db*8, "@H4b" 04H,:,6 *,D,&,>\, D"FB@:@0,>>ZN &$:424 D"6@>@& *,6FH&46 B@&FH">R,F84N F4: BD@H4& "D<44. E@@$V":@F\, RH@ 8@::,8H4&>Z, 4 BD@42&@:\>Z, >"8"2">4b R"FH@ F@BD@&@0*"`HFb 8"2>b<4 $,2 >"*:,0"V,(@ FJ*,$>@(@ D"2$4D"H,:\FH&" (D"0*">F84N :4P, BD@04&"`V4N & ^H@< D"6@>,. 101. % @H&,H >" BD@F\$J EB,P4":\>@(@ *@8:"*R48" BD,*FH"&4H\ ,L@D<"P4` @H>@F4H,:\>@ :`$ZN D"FF:,*@&">46 BD"&4H,:\FH&" ^H4N JH&,D0*,>46, BD"&4H,:\FH&@ ;\b> 