CARBON AND ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT ANALYSIS FOR ACHIEVING ONE PLANET LIVING Session: The Circular Economy ~ Creating Climate Resilient Economies 2017 Livable Cities Forum Victoria, BC, September 19 2017
Presented by: Jennie Moore & Cora Hallsworth
Overview • How understanding our ecological footprint and ‘consumption-based emissions’ can advance the circular economy • Orientation to the ecoCity Footprint Tool
• Application of the ecoCity Footprint Tool
Urban Living in the Anthropocene 50% of net primary production in service of human population
50% of global population lives in cities
Biocapacity = Net Primary Production 11.96 billion
Approximately 1.7 gha/ca
hectares of ecologically productive land and sea area (WWF 2014)
7.3 billion
people
Our Planet
Urban Impact
Understanding Urban Ecosystems City
Resource Flows Built Environment
Natural Resources Ecosystems
Wastes
Dimensions of Sustainability: Nested Hierarchy of Systems Environment
Society
Economy
Sustainability Framework Economy (inputs)
Society Built Environment
Natural Resources
Wastes
Ecosystems
Environment
Economy (outputs)
Definition of One-Planet Living One-planet living refers to a lifestyle that, if adopted by everyone, could be supported indefinitely by the regenerative capacity of Earth’s ecosystems ~Wackernagel and Rees 1996
Calculating the ecological footprint ~ Two methods COMPOUND Method • Top-down National data • Input-Output economic tables (i.e. StatsCan) • Comparable • Comprehensive • Not locally responsive
COMPONENT Method • Bottom-up • Local data • Municipal and Regional reports • Not comparable (as a rule) • Significant data gaps • Locally responsive/relevant
Component Method: integrated urban metabolism, consumption-based inventory, eco-footprint Residential Urban Metabolism
Consumption-Based Emissions Inventory
Add LCA
Tonnes and Litres of materials
Greenhouse gas emissions
Energy footprint
Gigajoules/kilowatt hours energy
(operating and embodied)
Materials footprint
Kilometres, hectares of land
Ecological Footprint
Schematic of data inputs Food / Buildings/ Consumables & Waste / Transportation / Water
Embodied Energy
Materials
Residential
(I)CI
Residential
Operating Energy
(I)CI
Residential
Built Area
(I)CI
Residential
(I)CI
Data Inputs
Required to derive: Materials, embodied energy, operational energy and built area
Food
Consumption data by food type and food miles
Buildings
Built area, material components and operational energy, by sector
Consumables and Wastes
Consumption data derived from solid waste outputs, by sector; built area, material components, and operational energy of infrastructure
Transportation
Built area and material components of infrastructure; operational energy (via VKT, by transport type and vehicle type)
Water
Built area, material components, and operational energy for drinking water, sewerage and drainage infrastructure
Exploring the ecoCity Footprint Tool
Integrated Urban Metabolism and Ecological Footprint of Metro Vancouver (study year 2006).
©Jennie Moore, Philip Mansfield, Sebastian Moffatt
Application of the ecoCity Footprint Tool
Application in Vancouver Prototype ecoCity Footprint Tool created City of Vancouver’s ecological footprint and consumption-based greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory in 2006.
ecoCity Footprint Tool Outputs Informed by Life Cycle Assessment data
Ecological Footprint
Consumptionbased GHG Emission Inventory
To our knowledge, and as confirmed with experts in the field, no other tool combines these functionalities and outputs
Urban Metabolism Territorial GHG Emission Inventory
Complimentary GHG Emission Inventory Approaches
Evaluation of emissions associated with all consumption, regardless of where produced
Consumptionbased
Traditional ‘territorial’
A growing number of local and regional governments are pursuing consumption based inventories to complement traditional inventories
In-boundary emissions from community-wide sources due to energy use in buildings, transportation, water supply/treatment; and solid waste disposal
Comparing Outputs – Vancouver 2006 GHG Emission Inventory
Consumption Based Emission Inventory
(based on PCP protocol) 0%
Food 17%
43% 53%
Buildings
36%
26% 4%
Total GHGs 2,847,507 tCO2e Per capita 4.9 tCO2e
21%
Consumables & Waste Transportation Water
Total GHGs 5,530,605 tCO2e Per Capita 9.2 tCO2e © Jennie Moore 2013
2017 Pilot Project Objectives With funding from Urban Sustainability Director’s Network (USDN):
1.
Enhancing, refining, and testing the prototype ecoCity Footprint Tool: •
Aligning with the GPC (Global Protocol for Community Scale
•
Testing in US context
GHG Emission Inventories)
2.
Creating consumption based emission inventories and ecological footprints for five pilot communities
3.
Scoping on-line format of Tool
Pilot participants and stakeholders PILOT CITIES: City of Victoria BC City of North Vancouver BC District of Saanich BC City of Vancouver BC Iowa City, IA INTERNATIONAL PILOTS: Medelline, Columbia Cusco, Peru
PROJECT LEADS: Jennie Moore, BCIT Cora Hallsworth, CHC
PROJECT ADVISORS: Allison Ashcroft, USDN Babe O’Sullivan, USDN
OBSERVING CITIES: Cincinnati OH Cupertino CA Edmonton AB Emeryville CA Flagstaff AZ Gaithersburg MD Kauai OH Oakland CA Philadelphia PA Portland OR Santa Monica CA Squamish BC Chennai, India San Isidro, Peru San Jose, Cost Rica
FUNDING PARTNER: Urban Sustainability Director’s Network (USDN)
STAKEHOLDERS: Ecocity Builders Additional USDN members Additional North American municipalities and regional districts ICLEI FCM Province of BC
Desired Outcomes Cities will have access to a tool that will: • Streamline data collection and reporting. • Provide a more robust understanding of emission sources and ecological impacts. • Inform sustainable consumption efforts. • Highlight new opportunities to reduce emissions and ecological impacts.
Conclusions (part 1) Urban metabolism and life cycle assessment are the foundation of the ecoCity Footprint Tool’s approach to create a CBEI and EF. They enable: • Identifying consumption hotspots • Demonstrating progress in closing the loop
Conclusions (part 2)…Informing actions Use this knowledge to: • Influence habits and choices… Tell the whole truth about lifestyle impacts • Support shift to sustainable consumption with policies and regulations… Provide alternatives
THANK YOU! Dr. Jennie Moore Associate Dean, School of Construction and the Environment
[email protected] Cora Hallsworth Project Manager, ecoCity Footprint Tool Pilot
[email protected] 778-749-0089
Exploring Reduction Potential - Vancouver 4.5
Built Area Energy
Global Hectares / Capita
4
Forest
3.5
Fishing
3
Pasture
2.5
Crop 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
VANCOUVER EF NOW
WORLD BIOCAPACITY
VANCOUVER ONEPLANET
INTERNATIONAL ONE-PLANET © Jennie Moore 2013
One-Planet Baseline Vancouver’s Top five actions include: 1
Make 86% of trips by walking, cycling and transit
0.38 gha/ca
2
Reduce food waste post-purchase by 50%
0.37 gha/ca
3
Reduce red meat consumption 50% by substituting with white meat or legumes
0.34 gha/ca
4
Improve energy efficiency in buildings by 40%
0.21 gha/ca
5
Reduce paper consumption by 50%
0.12 gha/ca
* gha: global hectares/capita
© Jennie Moore 2013
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A new standard for community inventories – the Global Protocol for Community Scale Emissions (GPC) • A new international reporting standard
• Standardized methodology for community reporting • Expands data set typically collected by local government (e.g., to include industrial and agricultural sources and out of boundary transportation) • We aim to align the ecoCity Footprint Tool with the GPC
One-Planet Lifestyle? • Repurpose, fix and share belongings • Avoid consumption of paper, red meat and bottled beverages • Roads, roofs, and walls used for urban agriculture • Most trips (86%) are by walking, cycling and transit, vehicles are zero emissions • Most people don’t fly and very few own cars • Buildings are energy efficient and zero emissions © Jennie Moore 2013
