The Center for Frontier Sciences
Minerals and Radiation Y. G. Aghbalyan State Engineering University of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
[email protected]
Abstract in this paper, the measurement of parameters of radiation from various minerals and monocrystals is presented. The passage of radiation from a lead molibdat monocrystal through various materials is also studied. A hypothesis about the origin of the radiation is put forward, together with the experimental facts that confirm the hypothesis. Various kinds of emitters are considered, The possibility to change the distance, within which one can register the radiation by changing the configuration of emitter, by accumulation of radiation in the resonator, and also with the help of non-resonant antennas, is shown. A method for determining the wavelength of radiation of various minerals and monocrystals is suggested. All measurements are done by the method of biolocation. People have been interested in studying the radiation of minerals since Middle Ages, as it was considered that minerals favorably influenced an organism and had curative properties. Together with minerals, semiprecious crystals and jewels were also utilized. In the treatises of the famous medieval physical scientists — Paracelsus, Amirdoviat, and Abu lbn Sina — the curative properties were attributed to a certain radiation, because these minerals were not dissolved in either water or oil. Afterwards, when the radioactive materials were discovered, there was an opinion that these stones and minerals had a weak radioactivity.
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the magnitude of which is much lower than that of the natural background. However, the parameters of this radiation were not measured either in the Middle Ages or in the 20th century, because the nature of the radiation was not completely clear. In connection with the increased worldwide interest in treatment of various diseases with the help of minerals, considerable research has been done with the aim of revealing the nature of this radiation and developing the methods to identify its physical parameters. Presently, the pulsed (20 ns to 20 (s) electromagnetic radiation of minerals is well known.'-^ This emission usually takes place during mechanical deformation and during the application of thermal energy or radiation treatment to minerals and monocrystals. The purpose of the present research is as follows: 1. Detection of radiation emitted by v a r i o u s m i n e r a l s and monocrystals, 2. Measurement of parameters of the radiation from various minerals and monocrystals, and 3. Investigation of the physical mechanisms of the radiation. At present, the detection of radiation from various minerals and monocrystals is not made by instrument methods; this detection is possible only with the method of biolocation, which is not yet accepted in mainstream science. However, the scientific community ignores the fact
that for almost 2,000 years, the biolocation method has been used to find water and various metals without the knowledge of the physics of the phenomenon. Anyway, with the method of biolocation, it is possible to provide unequivocal answers to at least two main questions — is the given mineral irradiative or not, and at what distance can this radiation be detected. Thus, the extent of radiation, that is, the distance at which the operator feels the radiation, can serve as a measure of the intensity of the radiation. And since the sensitivity of various operators can change several tenths of a percent, depending on numerous extemal and internal factors, the relative error of the measurements is 10-15 percent. The mean square error of measurement was calculated after 10 measurements; because night measurement accord with day measurements, most were carried out in the daytime. The investigation of the minerals and monocrystals from which this radiation is found leads to the following conclusions: 1. The mechanism of the radiation is not yet known, as these minerals and monocrystals do not contain radioactive substances. 2. If one takes into account the fact that for the generation of radiation some energy is required, then this energy can be either internal or external. Since the internal energy (e.g., a radioactive disintegration} in the studied materials is absent
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Frontier Perspectives
due to their chemical composition, it is necessary to assume that a certain external energy exists — a pumping energy that generates the radiation. 3. The probable source of the external energy can be the Sun, as it generates a wide spectrum of electromagnetic waves, from cosmic rays to multi-meter (up to six meters) radiowaves. ^ Thus, based on the performed investigations, the following hypothesis about the origin of the given radiation is suggested — the minerals and monocrystals do not radiate; instead, they are passive filters of circumterraneous radiation. The following facts support this hypothesis: 1. The thinner the plate of the studied material, the greater the extent of radiation. In a big piece the mineral almost does not radiate. For comparison in optics, the less the optical density of an optical filter, the greater is the coefficient of transmission. A pile of optical filters transmits a minimum of light. 2. The same relationship holds if the powder of a mineral is used; the less the mineral grain size, the greater is the extent of radiation. If one assumes that the mineral radiates by itself and that each grain has its own vector of radiation, then in the limit of the grain number tending to infinity, the tool vector of coherent radiation would tend to zero. However, in the present case, this does not occur. 3. The measurements carried out at the neutrino physics laboratory of the Yerevan Physics Institute have
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shown that at a depth of 330 meters underground, the radiation from the mineral is completely absent. Also, there is no radiation of a mineral in underground stations. The location of stations in depths is about 70 meters. 4. The same studies, when performed in a tunnel 410 meters in length, yielded the following results; At the entrance to the tunnel, the extent of radiation was maximal and was approximately equal to the extent of radiation in open air. Proceeding deep into the tunnel, the extent of radiation decreased and at the mark of 220 meters became approximately equal to zero. As the tunnel exit neared, the extent of radiation again grew and approached its initial value at the mark of 410 meters at the exit from the tunnel. It must be mentioned that the height of the earthen cover above the tunnel changes from 10 meters up to 15 meters. Because the measurements were relative, all measurements were carried out by two operators and agreed well with each other in three tests. According to our investigations, the size of the extent of radiation
depends on the following factors — the structure of a mineral and its thickness (or the sizes of the mineral grains), and the form of the radiating surface. As a result of study of various minerals, it became possible to find out the following minerals, the radiation of which has been fixed by a method of biolocation. Because the majority of minerals have variable chemical compositions, it was found more correct to investigate monocrystals with well-known crystallographic parameters. Subsequently, such a monocrystal was found. It is the artificial monocrystal PbMoO4, which is familiar to opticians. The Form of a Radiating Surface As it is difficult to conduct experiments with thin plates of various minerals, the measurements were carried out on powders with grain sizes of about 20-50 microns. To determine the dependence of the extent of radiation on the form of a radiator, various forms of radiators — more than 30 versions — were created. Depending on design, they radiate along either the Z-axis or the X-axis (Figure 1). The edge radiators radiate well in the direction of the X-axis, and the frontal ones in the direction of the Z-axis.
Figure 1. The scheme of im emitter. 1 - cardboard walls, 2 - separator, 3 - powder of a mineral.
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The radiator consists of two cardboard walls (1) between which the separator (2) with a powder of a mineral (3) is located. Depending on the purpose of a radiator, the form of a separator can be different, thus the plane of a surface of an edge radiator has to be located parallel to the surface of the ground. Therefore, the radiation of the edge radiator has an expressed (pronounced) horizontal polarization. Besides, the radiators, which have a narrowed part or a spike, radiate well in the direction of the spike, whereas in the opposite direction the radiation is ten times less. The sizes of the radiators are 55x85mm, but other sizes can be used as well, so size is not critical. The thickness of a radiator is l-2mm, depending on the number of separators. Several kinds of radiators are shown in Figure 2.
Figure 3 The diagram of orientation symmetric emitter.
Figure 4. The diagram of orientation ofa rectangular piece ofa mineral with a ratio of the sides 1:1.618.
Effect of Accumulation of Radiation
maximum extent of the radiation of a mineral or a monocrystal with the One of the methods tor increasing mirror (1); this distance is four to 4.5 the extent of radiation is a periodic meters with the mirror, and two to accumulation of radiation in the res2.5 meters without the mirror. onator. Figure 5 is a schematic diagram Afterwards, the distance LT is fixed, of the device, which is similar to a laser and it should be equal to L|. After the installation of L, and L2 the engine is switched on with an angular velocity of 10,000 or 5,000 rev/min and again the extent of radiation is measured. All these measurements are made by the method of biolocation involving two operators in 12 measurements (four sets of three measurements). With a disk having 71 slots, the extent of Figure 2. Types of the emitting surfaces. 1- and 2- edge radiators, which radiate in the radiation at 5,000 rev/min reaches direction of the spike, and 3-6 are frontal radiators. The extent of radiation of forms 18 meters and at 10,000 rev/min it is (1) and (2) does not exceed S-5 meters. For forms (3)-(6) the extent of the radiation more than 25 meters. reaches 8-9 meters. Figure 3 shows the orientation and the radiation pattern of the edge symmetric radiator [two radiators combined together, with the edges in opposite directions]. Figure 4 shows the orientation and radiation pattern of a rectangular piece of a mineral serpentine.
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On the shaft of the engine, (4) a silver mirror (3) containing 71 slots is situated. The monocrystal or the mineral block (see Figure 3) is located at distance L^ and L2 from a motionless mirror (1) and a rotating mirror (3) respectively. First, the distance L, is selected according to the
As is seen from the schen:\atic, the device has some elements of a pulsed laser. The pumping is made by external energy (a wide spectrum), the monocrystal or the mineral block radiates at the frequency of its filtration (i.e., the frequency at which the mineral is transparent), and the selection of the distance Lj
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and L2 creates the regime of a standing wave. The condition of establishment of standing wave in resonator can be represented in the following form: (Ll-L2=X/4, where n = 1, 3, 5... At the location of mirrors in front of each other, a standing wave occurs, and during the moment when the slot is in front of the static mirror, the radiation exits outside of the resonator. The distances L^ and L2 in the experiment were 1.8 to 1.9 mm, and if this distance is identified with a quarter of the wavelength (LI=L2=?L/4), then the wavelength, X, of the studied mineral, serpentinite, appears to be 7.2 to 7.6cm [4.16 to 3.95 GHz]. The error in determining the wavelength here is sufficiently high, about 10-20%, but it is necessary to take into account that the measurement is conducted by the biolocation method. The performance of the entire device has been checked in conditions for which the distances, L^ and L2, were equal to nxA./4, and the results of this experiment enable fixing the maximum
Figure 6. The scheme of extension of "size of radiation", a-spiral, h- "the wave channel" aerial.
extent of the radiation, which was observed at L3=L2=nX^/4 for odd values n = 1,3,5. It should be noted that the presence of the reflection of the radiation of the mineral from the mirrors speaks in favor of the electromagnetic origin of this radiation. Other Methods of Changing the Extent of Radiation The extent of radiation can be increased with the help of devices similar to UHF and microwave aerials , as represented in Figures 6 and 7. By an application of a spiral aerial (see Figure 6) the increase of the extent of radiation is two-three
meters, whereas with the aerial of the "the wave channel" type, the increase is two-three times more. And, most importantly, the less the size of the aerial, the greater is the extent of radiation. For example, the aerial of size 5x3 mm, cut out of a silver plate, has increased the extent of radiation of the block "serpentinite" from 2.5 meters up to 12 meters. The radiation of the block "serpentinite" can be completely blocked if the "antipode" of the aerial is placed in front of the block — a silver or copper plate in which the configuration of the aerial is cut out (Figure 7).
Figure 7. The schematic "antipode" of the aerial. Figure 5. The schematic of the accumulating resonator. 1 - argentum mirror, 2monocrystal or the mineral block, 3- rotating argentum mirror.
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of the
At present, it is difficult to explain the last two experimental facts. Devices on prospective frequency
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possess no resonant properties, and the only assumption is that the waveform of the radiation is so distorted (i.e., is different from a sinusoidal form) that the aerial strengthens (amplifies) one of the harmonics of radiation, and this is fixed with the help of biolocation. The second fact can take place, if the plate with the cut aperture in the form of aerial is a phase-shifting (phase-rotating) element, and results in destructive interference so that the radiation becomes equal to zero. One more corroboration of the hypothesis that the mineral is merely a filter of circumterraneous radiation is the absence of instrument measurements. Researchers, by considering that the mineral radiates by itself, tried to measure the radiation via gauges located close to the mineral. Since the exact value of the near field radiation wavelength was not known, the measurements were carried out using a broad-band gauge, which gave a signal corresponding to its frequency characteristics. This is approximately the same as trying to measure any component of the solar spectrum with a gauge that reacts to the whole spectrum. The unique solution in this case consists of placing a filter in front of the gauge so that the received signal will be proportional to the component of the spectrum that passed through the filter. And in our case, the measuring device should be shielded from other circumterraneous radiation by appropriate materials — e.g., metals, polyethylene — and the measured radiation should get to the receiving device only through a layer of a mineral-filter. ^'
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References 1. Vorobyov, A. A. (1994). The vlienomenon of eleetroma'^netic emission (EM£) at deformation of solid state ami its applieation.
Russia: Tomsk Polytechnic University Press. 2. Vorobyov, A. A. (1970). "About possibility of electrical discharges in the earth's bowels." Geolo'i^iti i '^eophysika. 12, 3-133. 3. Salnikov, V. N., Tokarenko, G.G. (1994). Radiation and biolocation environment ill the region when anomalous crater appearance in Izhmorsky region, Kemerovskaya oblasf. Izhran. mater. 7 Region. Seminara. Noosphern. vzaimodeystv. i yadern. bezopasnost. Russia: Tomsk Press, 73-94. 4. Dubrov, A. P (1978). "Geomagnetic Field and life." Geoma;pwtobiology. New York, London: Plenum Press. 5. Kikoin, I. K. (ed.), (1976). Tables of physical constants. Moscow: Atomizdat, 974.
A mind that is stretched by a new idea can never go hack to its original dimensions, - Oliver Wendell Holmes
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