TABLE 1. DIMENSIONS OF GLOBALIZATION ANALYSIS -Trade, commodity markets and prices -Financial markets and capital flows -Labor markets, wages and migration -Technology, communications and transportation -Foreign direct investment and multinational corporations -Legal and regulatory frameworks -Politics, governance and institutions -Climate and environment -Global health issues -Cultural and social aspects -Crime, violence, conflict and war
Table 2. Life Expectancy at Birth, by Income Group and Region, 1960-1998 (years) 1960 Europe and Central Asia 65 East Asia 39 Latin America and the Caribbean 56 West Asia and North Africa 47 South Asia 44 Sub-Saharan Africa 41 Developed countries 70 Developing countries 45 World 50 Source: Unicef (2000); World Bank (1999).
1970 68 59 61 53 49 44 71 56 59
1980 68 65 65 59 54 48 74 58 62
1990 69 68 68 64 59 51 76 63 66
1995 69 68 69 67 62 52 78 65 67
1998 69 69 69 67 62 49 78 62 64
Table 3 Child Mortality by Region, 1960, 1990 and 1998 (per 1,000 live births) 1960 1990 Europe and Central Asia East Asia Latin America and the Caribbean West Asia and North Africa South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Developed countries Developing countries World Source: Unicef (2000).
101 201 154 241 239 261 37 216 193
1998
40 57 53 76 135 180 9 104 94
35 50 39 66 114 173 6 95 86
Table 4 Infant mortality rates, by wealth quintiles Bolivia Cote d' Ivoire India 25.5 63.3 44 38.6 78.8 65.6 75.5 86.9 89.7 85 97.3 106.3 106.5 117.2 109.2 73.5 90.9 86.3
Richest 20% Next-highest 20% Middle 20% Next-Lowest 20% Poorest 20% Population Average Source: Gwatkin
Table 5
Growth rates of real GDP/person 1820-70
1870-1913
1913-50
1950-1996
China
0.0
0.6
-0.3
3.3
India
0.1
0.4
-0.3
1.1
Indonesia
0.1
0.8
-0.1
2.9
Africa
0.1
0.4
1.0
1.2
Latin America
0.2
1.5
1.5
1.8
Source: Crafts (2000) and the references in it.
Table 6 Growth Rates and Variability
Annual Growth Rates East Asia & Pacific Latin America & Caribbean Middle East & North Africa South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Europe & Central Asia Least developed UN classification World
1960s 4.6 5.3 na 4.2 4.9 na na 5.5
1970s 7.2 5.9 6.5 3.1 3.9 na na 4.1
1980s 7.4 1.9 1.9 5.8 2.2 1.8 2.5 2.9
1990s 7.3 3.2 3.7 5.4 1.9 -2.8 3.1 2.4
1.27 0.38 na 0.64 0.39 na na 0.12
0.26 0.28 0.73 1.14 0.83 na na 0.40
0.26 1.56 0.81 0.25 1.12 2.39 0.34 0.43
0.46 0.60 0.57 0.33 1.00 1.55 0.67 0.39
Source WB; last year 1998 Coefficient of Variability East Asia & Pacific Latin America & Caribbean Middle East & North Africa South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Europe & Central Asia Least developed UN classification World
Table 7. Health Care Financing and Service Provision, by Stage of Economic Development
(Percentage shares relate to proportion of population in each category of coverage) Note: Per capita GDP on a 1997 PPP basis. Source: Hsiao, 2000
Stage I Poor Countries
Low-income countries per capita GDP ($1,801-5,000)*
per capita GDP (below 1,800)* General revenue financed + donor assistance
Public health, disease prevention Public health services (clinics, hospitals) (50-60%)
Social insurance
(40-50%)
For civil servants and employees of large firms
(10-20%)
Stage II
Stage III
Middle-income countries per capita to GDP ($5,001 to $12,000)*
Higher income countries per capita to GDP ($12,001 and above)*
Public health service (20-40%)
Social insurance (30-60%)
Private insurance Self-pay
Negligible
(5-10%)
Private hospitals and clinics Pharmacists Indigenous providers (35-45%)
(20-40%)
NHS (U.K., N.Z.) Medisave + Catastrophic Insurance (Singapore)
Private Insurance (15-40%)
Direct provision
NHI (Canada, Australia
Indirect provision
Bismarkian Social Insurance (Germany, Japan)
Managed care + medicine (U.S.)
Self-pay
Self-pay
(15-25%)
(15-25%)
Table 8
Volatility for food production 1961-2000 1991-2000 Asia 0.150 0.100 Africa 0.110 0.080 LAC 0.110 0.080 EU 0.060 0.040 Japan 0.050 0.040 US 0.050 0.040 Source: Diaz-Bonilla et al, 2001, based on FAOSTAT (2000)
Volatility for calories consumption 1961-2000 1991-2000 Asia 0.051 0.030 Africa 0.056 0.031 LAC 0.041 0.022 EU 0.023 0.016 Japan 0.012 0.004 US 0.014 0.006 Source: Diaz-Bonilla et al, 2001, based on FAOSTAT (2000)
1995-2000 0.050 0.060 0.050 0.030 0.030 0.020
Table 9
Volatility for protein consumption 1961-2000 1991-2000 Asia 0.057 0.034 Africa 0.063 0.038 LAC 0.055 0.037 EU 0.024 0.017 Japan 0.020 0.007 US 0.022 0.006 Source: Diaz-Bonilla et al, 2001, based on FAOSTAT (2000)
1995-2000 0.012 0.014 0.010 0.007 0.001 0.005
Table 10
1995-2000 0.019 0.020 0.017 0.008 0.008 0.002
Table 11—Social expenditure and debt services (US$ millions)
Social expenditure a/
Debt service
Benin
214
43
Burkina Faso
192
35
Cameroon
451
242
Gambia
34
15
Guinea
120
90
Ginea-Bissau
47
6
Madagascar
277
56
Malawi
161
57
Mali
126
64
Mauritania
121
58
Mozambique
203
51
Nigeria
132
49
Rwanda
108
13
12
1
Senegal
301
145
Tanzania
379
144
Uganda
436
59
Zambia
263
148
Bolivia
1210
212
Guyana
114
34
Honduras
844
210
Nicaragua
594
188
Sao Tome
Source: World Bank and IMF, 2001 a/ Mostly health and education expenditures
